水滴冻结实验测量降水物中的冻结核含量

文中介绍了一套新研制的均匀水滴冻结实验装置 ,实验水滴与周围环境同步冷却 ,其温度梯度很小 ,可控制降温速率 ,并能自动记录冻结事件 ,从而提高了实验的精度。用此装置对北京地区 1995年底至 1998年出现的各类降水样品进行了实验 ,由水滴冻结温度谱推算了降水的冻结核浓度 温度谱 ,并对结果进行了分析和讨论     

Substrate damage and recovery after giant clam shell mining at remote coral reefs in the southern South China Sea

Giant clam shell mining(GCSM),a unique phenomenon occurring at remote coral reefs in the southern South China Sea(SCS),forms striking scars on the reef flats and damages the reef flat substrate.Through image analyses at three times(2004.02.02,2014.02.26,and 2019.04.10)and in situ surveys at Ximen Reef,a representative site that has experienced GCSM,we quantified the GCSM-generated substrate damage and the corre-sponding recovery.GCSM was estimated to have occurred sometime between 2012 and 2014,causing reduction in live coral subarea and formation of micro-relief as trenches and mounds.GCSM-generated damage was restricted to the reef flat.After GCSM,coral and algae subarea increased,and the trenches and mounds tended to be filled and eroded,rep-resenting a natural recovery of the substrate.The legal prohibition on human disturbances at the coral reefs contributed to substrate recovery at Ximen Reef.This case also implied that recovery of the other coral reefs that suffered from GCSM is possible.     

海南岛沿岸海域砗磲资源调查及保护前景展望

砗磲是珊瑚礁海域的重要贝类之一,对维护珊瑚礁生态系统平衡起着重要作用。然而,近年来海洋的大力开发和利用给我国沿海砗磲资源造成严重威胁。本研究通过截线样带法对海南岛沿岸海域砗磲的种类和分布进行实地调查,结果表明,海南岛沿岸海域砗磲覆盖度呈现南北差异,东南沿岸海域砗磲覆盖度明显高于西北沿岸海域,这种差异可能是由自然因素和人为因素共同造成。调查海域共发现3种砗磲:诺亚砗磲(Tridacna noae)最多,占砗磲样品总数的58.6%;其次是番红砗磲(T. crocea),占34.3%;鳞砗磲(T. squamosa)最少,仅占7.1%。海洋管理部门应该加强对砗磲多样性的保护力度,合理开发和可持续利用并重,从而有效保护砗磲、珊瑚礁乃至海洋生态系统。     

海南岛近海砗磲(Tridacninae)资源时空变化——以蜈支洲岛为例

为了解海南近岸砗磲资源动态变化,于蜈支洲岛周边海域选取5个代表性站位,自2017-2020年采用断面调查的方法,开展了砗磲资源评估、种群数量变化以及其环境相关性分析等,结果显示：（1）各站位砗磲密度为0-30.00×10^-2 ind./m²,且主要分布于3 m水深,在该水深区域,站位3和站位11砗磲密度最高,站位4次之,站位9和站位13最低,统计学分析表明砗磲密度与站位呈显著相关性（P<0.05）。（2）2017年,蜈支洲岛海域四种规格砗磲（壳长<5 cm、5-10 cm、10-15 cm和≥ 15 cm）均有分布,2018-2020年,未发现壳长≥ 15 cm的大规格个体。（3）尽管温度及各水质因子均与砗磲密度相关性不显著（P>0.05）,水体硝酸盐NO₃^-浓度与砗磲密度相关系数最高（0.29）。（4）砗磲主要分布于活珊瑚底质（66.67%）,其次为礁石（24.24%）,砂石底质最低（9.09%）。（5）砗磲外套膜RGB颜色参数值与周边底质颜色存在相关性,空间上,站位3的砗磲外套膜RGB颜色参数值与周边底质颜色相关性高于站位11;时间上,2020年砗磲外套膜颜色与周边底质B值相关系数R高于2017年（0.899 vs.0.712）。研究首次开展了海南岛近岸海域砗磲资源时空动态变化及影响因素研究,其结果可为砗磲资源保护提供数据支持。     

骨巨细胞瘤影像学特征及误诊分析

目的:研究骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)的X线平片、CT、MRI影像学表现,分析误诊的原因,提高诊断准确性。方法:搜集30例手术病理证实的GCT病例,回顾性分析其术前X线平片、CT平扫、MRI影像学表现。结果:GCT发生于股骨远端13例,胫骨近端6例,股骨近段4例,肱骨近端3例,桡骨远端2例,腰椎1例,髂骨1例。术前误诊5例,约占16.7%。结论:X线平片、CT和MRI从不同角度反映GCT的病理特征,合理结合三种检查方法,能更全面显示GCT的影像学特征,有利于诊断及鉴别诊断。      

类星体SDSSJ0916+2921的类银河系2175A 尘埃消光特征

光谱观测显示类星体SDSS J091613.60+292106.1 (简称J0916+2921, 系统红移zem=1.1418\pm 0.0018)中有特殊的2175A尘埃消光特征, 其强度显著大于银河系平均强度. 光谱同时探测到与尘埃成协的丰富气体吸收线, 确定吸收线系统红移为zbs = 1.1413 \pm 0.0002, 和类星体红移一致. 气态金属离子柱密度相对太阳丰度的比例为Al/Zn =-1.68 \pm 0.10, Cr/Zn=-0.49 \pm0.10, Fe/Zn = -0.81 pm 0.18. 尘埃耗散作用显著, 说明该系统中尘埃十分丰富, 与观测的强尘埃消光特征吻合. 类银河系的2175A尘埃消光特征在类星体光谱中多见于中间插入吸收线系统, 至今未明确认证内禀吸收线系统出现该特征, 类星体SDSS J0916+2921是目前仅有的数个候选者之一. 该类星体X射线辐射相较一般类星体更强, 后续可用作研究2175A}尘埃在强高能射线照射条件下的形成与离解平衡, 以揭示2175A尘埃的化学成分、物理性质和起源.     

Precambrian crustal evolution in Rangrim Massif,Korean Peninsula

Petrological, chronological and geotectonic geological analysis of Precambrian metamorphic rock in Korean Peninsula shows that the remnants （ 〉3.4 Ga） of continental nuclei crust were formed in the Paleoarchean in the Rangrim Massif. In the massif, the main formation ages of continental crust range from 3.2 Ga to 2.5 Ga, its important growing period was 2.8 - 2. 5 Ga. The subsequent expansion period of the Rangrim Massif was 2. 4 - 2. 2 Ga. The division events occurred in 1.85 Ga and in the Late Paleoproterozoic-Early Mesoproterozoic, respectively. Since then the massif was relatively stable. However, the last division of the Rangrim Massif occurred at 793 Ma.     

未来的地面和空间大望远镜以及我国目前的大项目

目前 ,已有 1 0架口径 8～ 1 0m的地面大望远镜建成并投入科学观测。在近红外波段 ,自适应光学和干涉术已在大望远镜上获得成功。Hubble空间望远镜发射至今已逾 1 2年。为了研究早期宇宙 ,探测类地行星等 ,2 0 0 2年 9月NASA已与TWR公司签约 ,研制口径≥ 6m的下一代空间望远镜JWST ,计划2 0 1 0年发射。许多口径 30～ 1 0 0m的地面未来巨型望远镜FGT项目已经提出。本报告 ,也介绍了我国正在研制或预研中的三个大项目 :LAMOST、FAST和SST ,这些项目虽较小 ,但完成后都会对天文学的一个方面作出有份量的贡献。最后 ,报告人建议我国参与到与国外合作研制FGT或NGST的工作中 ,特别强调要有天文学家和工程专家参与进去     

Hubble Space Telescope observations of the nucleus fragment 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3-C

The investigation of fragmented comets provides information on the physical properties and internal structure of cometary nuclei, as well as insights into the mechanisms responsible for cometary breakups. The Jupiter-family Comet 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 (73P/SW3) fragmented non-tidally into at least four components, and probably more, in the autumn of 1995. Fragment C was detected with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on 26 November 2001 when it was 3.26 AU from the Sun and 2.34 AU from the Earth. The high spatial resolution of the HST allowed us to separate the signal of the fragment from that of its coma, and to determine its R magnitude in the Johnson-Kron-Cousins photometric system from four images taken with the F675W filter. Assuming a spherical body with a geometric albedo of 0.04 and a linear phase coefficient of 0.04 mag deg⁻¹ for the R band, we derived an effective radius of . The pre-breakup radius of the original nucleus was estimated to be 1.1 km, which implies that the volume of fragment C is ∼25% of the total volume of the pre-breakup nucleus. The limited temporal coverage of our observations preclude deriving an accurate shape or rotational period; our measurements are consistent with a rather spherical body but an elongated shape cannot be excluded. Fragment C was very active despite its rather large heliocentric distance, with an estimated dust production rate of (∼130 metric tons day⁻¹). A very large fraction of the surface area of fragment C must have been sublimating to sustain such a high level of activity. Fragment C may be recovered at its next return in 2006, if it does not experience further fragmentation.     

Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

Ice core records provide the most direct, detailedand complete measure of past climate change[1,2]. Gla-ciochemical records have been used to investigate thechanges in atmospheric circulation patterns overGreenland Ice Sheet and West Antarctic[3—6]. Mostrecently, major ion series developed from new suban-nual scale sampling of GISP2 ice core from centralGreenland are calibrated with instrumental series ofsea level pressure (SLP) provide proxy records of ma-jor marine (Icelandic Low) and…