区域含水层系统结构的体视化表达及地下水位预测——以江苏省宿迁市为例

本文结合宿市区域水文地质条件的实际状况,利用GMS对宿迁市区域含水层系统结构进行了体视化表达,使建立的区域水文地质概念模型更加直观,在概念模型的基础上建立了相应的数学模型,并利用Visual MODFLOW对宿迁市不同开采条件下的地下水位变化进行了预测。结果表明：2009年末将出现两个较大的水位降落漏斗区。根据模型预测结果,提出了该区地下水合理开采的建议。     

湖南省界牌岭矿区水文地质条件的认识

文章论述了界牌岭矿区水文地质条件,并且根据原有资料对矿山开采中暴露的地质环境问题进行综合分析,取得了对矿区水文地质条件较全面的认识。     

Assessment of environmental and engineering geological problems for the possible re-use of an abandoned rock-hewn settlement in Urgüp (Cappadocia), Turkey

The Cappadocia Region of Central Anatolia having a very distinct culture is one of the attractive touristic sites of Turkey due to its spectacular and unique landforms and historical heritages. In this region, the structures carved into thick to massive tuffs survived and kept their original integrity for a number of centuries. Environmental and anthropological factors at the Cappadocia Region have been the main reasons for extensive subsurface and multi-purpose use in the past and present. In addition, thermal insulation properties of the tuffs make these rocks suitable for use in underground openings. The Kayakapi Neighborhood, located in the town of Urgüp, is one of the famous historical sites. This site is situated within the “Göreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia” which was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1985. In order to develop the tourism potential of this abandoned site while preserving its cultural and natural values, a natural environmental conservation and revitalization project was initiated. As an integral part of this project, in this study, environmental and engineering geological problems, including rock fall potential and stability of about 1,200 rock-hewn structures, were investigated and an inventory was prepared for the possible re-use of the underground openings and other structures at the site, and remedial measures were recommended. The assessments based on observations and experimental studies indicated that the tuffs do not show significant changes both perpendicular and parallel to layering, and discontinuities and rock weathering seem to be more important factors controlling the stability of rock-hewn structures. The major stability problems threatening the re-use of the openings are structurally-controlled block instabilities, overbreaks, and erosion and shearing of the pillars made of tuff. On the other hand, the area at the entrance of the site requires some protection measures such as the construction of a retaining wall, systematic bolting of rock slabs and removal of some blocks having rock fall potential. The inventory for the openings suggests that there are a number of openings that can be re-used after necessary remedial measures.     

Can the diffuse double layer theory describe changes in hydraulic conductivity of compacted clays?

Observations related to modifications of the hydraulic conductivity of compacted soils as a consequence of intentional compositional variation of the percolating fluid are often attributed vaguely to calculated changes in double layer thickness. The same calculated decrease or increase in double layer thickness is interpreted differently, depending on which (unconsciously held) boundary conditions authors take into account. The interpretations of different authors seem to be paradoxical only if the boundary conditions have not been mentioned. On the basis of a literature survey and own previously published test results the different boundary conditions have been grouped and divided into classes. With this division the interpretation of changes in double layer thickness will lead to unique interpretations and predictions of changes in hydraulic conductivity.     

Assessing income-wise household environmental conditions and disease profile in urban areas: Study of an Indian city

The main objectives of the present study are: (i) to assess the income-wise household environmental conditions of the sampled households in Aligarh city, (ii) to examine income-wise disease profile of the population, (iii) to assess the relationship between income and four most occurring diseases, (iv) draw out inter-relationship between income, non-ideal household environmental conditions and environment related diseases. The quality of life and diseases in any urban areas get reflected by the immediate neighborhood in different parts of the city which depends upon the income strata of the households, their way of living, and their understanding of their household environment. This is because it is the household environment, which exerts the most and immediate influence on the life of the people. This study was carried out in order to assess household environmental conditions (i.e. housing conditions, bathroom and sanitation conditions, water supply conditions, water logging conditions, household garbage and solid waste, household pests, indoor air and indoor noise pollution) and their effect on the health of the resident population of Aligarh city. The method includes household survey of Aligarh city using questionnaires. The sampled households were classified into five income groups from very low to very high. Relationship was tested between income and household environmental conditions and also between income and diseases using Chi-Square technique. About 55% of the total sampled households suffer from diarrhea/dysentery, 43% jaundice, 42% malaria and 41% respiratory diseases. About 40% suffer from skin diseases, small pox/chicken pox. All these diseases are a result of poor household environmental conditions. Whereas 35% people reported other diseases (i.e. heart disease, hypertension and diabetes), only 14.42% households reported of tuberculosis. The study concludes that there exists a significant positive relationship between income level and household environmental conditions, and also between income and various diseases among sampled households of Aligarh city.     

Using solver to determine vertical groundwater velocities by temperature variations, Purdue University, Indiana, USA

Vertical groundwater velocities can be estimated based on directions of groundwater thermal gradients. Temperature-depth profiles were obtained from 12 monitoring wells at 3 different times of the year (Fall, Winter, and Spring) in West Lafayette, Indiana (USA) mainly on the Purdue University campus. Microsoft Excel Solver was used to match plots of groundwater temperature distribution in the wells with published type curves in order to find a dimensionless parameter β, from which vertical groundwater velocities were obtained. The vertical groundwater velocities found in the monitoring wells ranged from 0.92 to 4.53 cm/yr. Clay-rich aquitards presented greater vertical groundwater velocities than outwash aquifers. The highest groundwater velocities occurred in the Spring while the lowest were during the Winter. This method was found to be especially useful in glacially-derived materials with varying hydraulic conductivities for estimating vertical groundwater velocities in-situ.     

基于ArcGIS Engine的地图符号制作工具的设计实现

分析了ArcGIS Engine符号体系特点,设计了一套基于ArcGIS Engine的符号制作工具,采用C#语言开发实现。     

基于专家评分模型和GIS的滑坡预警分析开发研究

利用层次分析法,结合专家评分模型,构建了滑坡预警评价指标体系。在GIS技术的支持下,开发出滑坡预警分析系统。采用该系统不但能预测滑坡灾害的空间发展趋势,而且还可反映出某一时段内其发生发展态势。文中以河北省太行山地区为例,利用该系统,实现了该区的滑坡预警评价分析。其结果与实地滑坡分布规律存在很好的一致性。     

GPS基线向量网在空间大地直角坐标系下的三维约束平差

采用带约束条件的间接平差法,给出了取空间直角坐标（Ｘ,Ｙ,Ｚ）为未知数的数学模型,进行了精度与可靠性分析;对按这种模型研制的软件进行了介绍;最后,进行了实例分析。     

论地理环境对潮汕饮食文化的影响

潮汕饮食文化作为岭南文化的有机组成部分，以丰富多样，无所不食而名震南粤，享誉全国。它的形成既有历史文化的影响，也与独特的地理环境有着千丝万缕的联系。湿热的气候、濒临大海、水网密布、人多地少和相对封闭的地理环境，百越之族与中原文化的碰撞交融等孕育了注重饮食口味“清、淡、甘、和”，汤水讲究原汁原味，小吃多样、原料丰富、佐料齐全以及工夫茶等饮食特色，在中华饮食文化中形成了潮菜流派。