因子分类法在黑龙江塔河地区地质填图中的应用

利用因子分类法在黑龙江塔河地区进行地球化学单元识别,根据各单元的理论地球化学意义及其与地质单元的对应关系,进行浅覆盖区地质填图研究。充分提取区域化探资料中的地球化学信息,将研究区识别为具有特定地质、地球化学意义的5个地球化学单元。其中:Be、Nb、Sn、Y、Rb单元主要反映研究区古生代花岗岩和中生代酸碱性火山岩的分布;Co、TFe、Cr、Ni、V、Ti、MgO单元主要反映研究区早元古代侵入岩、变质岩和古生代基性岩体的分布;SiO2、K2O、Na2O单元反映的地质单元主要为古生代侵入岩、中生代酸碱性火山岩和沉积岩;Al2O3、Li、F单元主要反映中生代火山岩的分布;CaO、Sr、Ba单元反映的是中生代沉积岩,可能与生物沉积作用有关,代表比较稳定的沉积环境。同时,根据不同单元的分布形态和边界走向,识别和推断了研究区的北东、北西、南北及东西向断裂构造。     

C波段多普勒天气雷达地物识别方法

地物回波对雷达数据应用会造成负面影响,是影响定量降水估测等产品精度的重要因素,识别并剔除地物回波是雷达基数据质量控制的一个重要内容。该文在现有S波段雷达地物识别方法的基础上,使用长治、哈尔滨两部CINRAD/CC雷达2011年观测数据,对C波段雷达地物回波特征进行分析,改进识别参量的隶属函数,建立适合C波段多普勒天气雷达的地物识别方法 (MCC方法),并对该方法进行效果检验。结果表明:S波段及C波段雷达地物回波与回波强度有关的参量分布较为相近,与降水回波的参量分布有明显区别;S波段雷达地物识别方法中与回波强度有关的参量可用于C波段雷达地物的识别,与速度有关的参量中仅中值速度可用于C波段雷达。通过统计分析与个例分析,相对于现有S波段雷达识别方法,MCC方法可显著提高C波段雷达地物回波的识别正确率,并可减少层状云降水回波的误判。     

北半球500百帕极地环流与厄尔尼诺、南方涛动及我国气温场的遥相关

本文用1951—1984年的资料对500百帕、65°N以北的高度场作自然正交展开,用模糊聚类对典型场归类。指出,极涡月平均场有三种形态,1月份平均场形态较特殊;大尺度距平场也有三种形态,4月份距平场形态较特殊。此外,研究了典型场的时间权重系数与厄尔尼诺、南方涛动的关系。指出,厄尔尼诺现象发生的当年4月、10月极地大尺度距平场有明显的异常特征。这种极地环流异常已明显影响到我国4月份、10月份的气温场。因而,可能是厄尔尼诺年我国气温4月偏低、10月偏高的一个重要原因。     

基于ArcGIS的面状要素中轴线提取方法研究

专题制图中利用遥感技术获取专题要素和地理底图要素已成为大势所趋,而如何实现面状要素中轴线的提取从而获得线状道路、线状河流等底图要素一直是GIS界研究的热点。本文通过对ArcGIS9.0中提供的各种功能模块的综合应用实现了面状要素中轴线的自动提取。经实验这种方法简单实用、效果理想,效率很高。     

现代测绘技术在公租房建设中的应用与实践

公租房是解决新就业职工、城市困难家庭等住房困难的一种产品。在公租房项目的建设过程中,需要经过立项、选址、报建、建设、竣工验收等多个环节。本文以全国首批开工建设、首批交付使用的的公租房项目———重庆市公租房民心佳园一期为工程实例,介绍了现代测绘技术在公租房建设各个环节中的应用。     

浅析大数据对测绘保障的影响

通过对大数据时代的特点进行分析,结合实际从测绘保障的方式、职能、方法等方面进行剖析,总结了大数据时代测绘保障的重点,目的是探索大数据时代测绘保障的新方向,为提高测绘保障服务奠定基础。     

煤层顶底板DEM二维光照渲染制图方法

煤层顶底板等高线图是煤矿企业用于生产决策的一种常用图纸,这种图的直观性较差,难以阅读。参照Tanaka明暗等值线图的方法提出一种基于二维显示的煤层底板DEM的光照渲染制图方法。该方法通过假定光源所处的位置,并计算DEM的三角面片的法向,进而求得三角面片的亮度,然后以填充绘制的方式将所有三角形以二维的方式绘制出来。这种方法具有显示效率高、编程简单、易于图层叠加、效果较Tanaka法逼真等优势。     

钱家店铀矿床表生含氧含铀流体与深层酸性含烃流体的耦合成矿作用——来自岩心蚀变矿物填图的证据

以岩心光谱蚀变矿物填图为主要研究手段,结合野外地质编录、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针能谱分析、氢氧同位素测试等方法,对开鲁盆地钱家店砂岩型铀矿床85个有效钻孔岩心开展了系统的蚀变矿物填图和矿物学研究。结果表明:①主要含矿层上白垩统姚家组蚀变矿物主要有黏土矿物(高岭石、蒙脱石、伊利石、伊/蒙混层及局部绿泥石)、铁的三价氧化物、黄铁矿、碳酸盐(方解石、白云石、铁白云石)等,它们呈现明显的分带特征:氧化带为高含量的"高岭石+Fe³⁺氧化物"组合、过渡带为中等含量的"高岭石+蒙脱石(伊/蒙混层)"+高含量的"黄铁矿+铁白云石"组合;还原带则主要为高含量的"蒙脱石(伊/蒙混层)+伊利石+黄铁矿"组合,矿体主要分布在氧化-还原过渡带和高岭石变化的梯度带上,并见有明显的高岭石、黄铁矿、铁白云石富集。②含氧含铀流体主要来自于WS、WN方向,其次为ES方向(也可能是WS向流体的分支),酸性含烃流体主要来自于NE向的断裂构造,流体温度介于40～120℃,两种不同性质流体的耦合作用是该地区的主成矿作用。③主成矿事件应发生在白兴吐"天窗"构造隆升之后,构造天窗在成矿系统中主要承担着还原...     

Polymetamorphism in garnet micaschists of the Saualpe Eclogite Unit (Eastern Alps,Austria), resolved by automated SEM methods and EMP–Th–U–Pb monazite dating

Polymetamorphic garnet micaschists from the Austroalpine Saualpe Eclogite Unit (Kärnten, Austria, Eastern Alps) display complex microstructural and mineral–chemical relationships. Automated scanning electron microscopy routines with energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectral mapping were applied for monazite detection and garnet mineral–chemical characterization. When the Fe, Mg, Mn and Ca element wt% compositions are used as generic labels for garnet EDX spectra, complex zonations and porphyroblast generations can be resolved in complete thin sections for selective electron‐microprobe analyses. Two garnet porphyroblast generations and diverse monazite age populations have been revealed in low‐Ca and high‐Al‐metapelites. Garnet 1 has decreasing Mn, constant Ca and significantly increasing Mg from cores to rims. Geothermobarometry of garnet 1 assemblages signals a crystallization along a M1 prograde metamorphism at ~650 °C/6–8 kbar. Sporadic monazite 1 crystallization started at c. 320 Ma. Subsequent pervasive 300–250 Ma high‐Y and high‐Gd monazite 1 formation during decompression coincided with the intrusion of Permian and Early Triassic pegmatites. Monazite 1 crystallized along the margin of garnet 1. Coronas of apatite and allanite around the large 320–250 Ma monazite signal a retrogressive stage. These microstructures suggest a Carboniferous‐to‐Early‐Permian age for the prograde M1 event with garnet 1. Such a M1 event at an intermediate‐P/T gradient has not yet been described from the Saualpe, and preceded a Permo‐Triassic low‐P stage. The M2 event with garnet 2 postdates the corona formation around Permian monazite. Garnet 2 displays first increasing X_Ca at decreasing X_Mg, then increasing X_Ca and X_Mg, and finally decreasing X_Ca with increasing X_Mg, always at high Ca and Mg, and low Mn. This records a P–T evolution which passed through eclogite facies conditions and reached maximum temperatures at ~750 °C/14 kbar during decompression‐heating. A monazite 2 population (94–86 Ma) with lower Y and Gd contents crystallized at decreasing pressure during the Cretaceous (Eo‐Alpine) metamorphism M2 at a high‐P/T gradient. The Saualpe Eclogite Unit underwent two distinct clockwise metamorphic cycles at different P–T conditions, related to continental collisions under different thermal regimes. This led to a characteristic distribution pattern of monazite ages in this unit which is different from other Austroalpine basement areas.     

Submarine groundwater discharge revealed by aerial thermal infrared imagery: a case study on Jeju Island,Korea

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a global phenomenon that carries large volumes of groundwater and dissolved chemical species such as nutrient, metals, and organic compounds to coastal zones. We report the influence of SGD on the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea, using high‐resolution aerial thermal infrared (TIR) mapping techniques and field investigations. An aircraft‐based system was implemented using a cost‐effective TIR camera for aerial TIR mapping. Ground‐based calibrations and system integration with GPS/IMU (global positioning system/inertial measurement unit) were performed for the aerial systems. The aerial surveys showed distinct low‐temperature signatures of SGD along the coasts of Jeju Island, revealing large groundwater inputs from the coastal aquifers to the ocean. Multiple aerial surveys over a range of seasons and tidal stages revealed that SGD rates dynamically affect the sea surface temperature (SST) of the coastal zone. The in‐situ measurements supported that SGD has a substantial influence on the coastal water chemistry as well as SST. Our observations highlight the extent to which aerial‐based TIR mapping can serve as a powerful tool for studying SGD and other coastal processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.