Fully Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Model Based on Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain Method

This paper,with a finite element method,studies the interaction of a coupled incompressible fluid-rigid structure system with a free surface subjected to external wave excitations.With this fully coupled model,the rigid structure is taken as "fictitious" fluid with zero strain rate.Both fluid and structure are described by velocity and pressure.The whole domain,including fluid region and structure region,is modeled by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations which are discretized with fixed Eulerian mesh.However,to keep the structure's rigid body shape and behavior,a rigid body constraint is enforced on the "fictitious" fluid domain by use of the Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain(DLM/FD) method which is originally introduced to solve particulate flow problems by Glowinski et al.For the verification of the model presented herein,a 2D numerical wave tank is established to simulate small amplitude wave propagations,and then numerical results are compared with analytical solutions.Finally,a 2D example of fluid-structure interaction under wave dynamic forces provides convincing evidences for the method excellent solution quality and fidelity.     

Oceanic double-infusion: introduction

Double-diffusion, the mixing of fluids with two constituents of different molecular diffusivities, was originally discovered in the mid-1800s, forgotten, then rediscovered as an ‘oceanographic curiosity’ a century later. Many oceanographers suspect that double-diffusion has major effects on oceanic water masses and circulation, but direct measurement of the effects has proven difficult. In 1996, a Working Group was formed under the auspices of the Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (SCOR WG108), with the goal to identify progress and barriers to quantifying oceanic double-diffusive fluxes, and make recommendations for further progress. This document gives a brief history of double-diffusion, a review of evidence of its potential effects in the ocean, and gives an overview of the review articles contained in this volume, written by the Working Group members with the above aim in mind.     

三维地震勘探综合解释技术在探测3煤层中的应用

七五煤矿是枣庄矿业集团旗下主要生产煤矿,地质条件比较复杂,不仅断层较发育,而且主采3煤层存在冲刷、沉缺、采空区和岩浆岩侵入等地质现象,对下一步巷道及工作面布置造成很大影响,北七采区为七五煤矿接续采区,急需查明区内地质构造及煤层赋存状况,通过采用常规地震时间剖面及地震属性综合解释技术,结合钻探资料查明了区内3煤层上述地质现象的赋存边界,后期巷道揭露与三维地震解释结果吻合度较好,取得了较好的应用效果。     

Silica‐rich layering at Blanche Point,South Australia

The chemistry and mineralogy of much of the Late Eocene Blanche Point Formation of South Australia show that biogenic and volcanogenic products were the only significant contributor to the sedimentary record. Intermittent volcanic activity followed by dissolution of the resultant silicic ash and small scale migration of silicon with reprecipitation as the oxide, provides the simplest and most likely explanation for the repetitive nature of the silicification. Seemingly, this was controlled by local silica concentrations which in turn were apparently controlled by the biota. Changes in circulation patterns and/or water depth may have initiated the environmental variations recorded in the formation.     

On the testing of fully integrated surface–subsurface hydrological models

Studies employing integrated surface–subsurface hydrological models (ISSHMs) have utilized a variety of test cases to demonstrate model accuracy and consistency between codes. Here, we review the current state of ISSHM testing and evaluate the most popular ISSHM test cases by comparing the hydrodynamic processes simulated in each case to the processes found in well‐characterized, real‐world catchments and by comparing their general attributes to those of successful benchmark problems from other fields of hydrogeology. The review reveals that (1) ISSHM testing and intercode comparison have not adopted specific test cases consistently; (2) despite the wide range of ISSHM metrics available for model testing, only two model performance diagnostics are typically adopted: the catchment outflow hydrograph and the catchment water balance; (3) in intercode comparisons, model performance is usually judged by evaluating only one performance diagnostic: the catchment outflow hydrograph; and (4) ISSHM test cases evaluate a small number of hydrodynamic processes that are largely uniform across the model domain, representing a limited selection of the processes of interest in well‐characterized, real‐world catchments. ISSHM testing would benefit from more intercode comparisons using a consistent set of test cases, aimed at evaluating more catchment processes (e.g. flooding) and using a wider range of simulation diagnostics (e.g. pressure head distributions). To achieve this, a suite of test case variations is required to capture the relevant catchment processes. Finally, there is a need for additional ISSHM test problems that compare model predictions with hydrological observations from intensively monitored field sites and controlled laboratory experiments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全驱动船舶轨迹跟踪初始位置影响分析

船舶轨迹跟踪属于广义上的船舶动力定位,具体来说是船舶在规定的时间内,通过轨迹跟踪系统的控制到达原本设定的位置。以某一全驱动船舶为例,分别对预定轨迹为直线和圆进行船舶轨迹跟踪时域模拟研究,通过分析船舶时域模拟轨迹与预设轨迹的水平位置偏差与艏向角偏差研究轨迹跟踪精度,并分析船舶初始位置对轨迹跟踪的影响。研究表明,船舶初始水平位置偏离设定轨迹起点越大,船舶调整至轨迹的时间越长,但最终能回到预设轨迹上;船舶初始艏向如偏离过大,会导致船舶远离预设轨迹。在实际工程应用中,可利用动力定位将船舶定位至轨迹跟踪起点,调整船舶艏向,再开始轨迹跟踪。     

基于形态学的海冰外缘线自动提取

海冰外缘线是一个描述北极海冰快速变化的重要指示参数,对近岸冰区航行保障和海冰灾害预警具有实际意义。本文首先基于形态学中的方法分别识别数据中的主体冰域、主体水域和碎冰区。其次利用可变图像闭运算方法将较大碎冰与主体冰区合并,最后再利用连通域方法提取海冰外缘线。该方法可适用于任何冰水二值数据集,包括海冰密集度产品数据、卫星图像、航拍图像以及其他冰水混合数据。本文基于AMSR-E海冰密集度数据,利用此方法提取了北冰洋10个区域的海冰外缘线,与15%海冰密集度等值线比较表明,本文方法能够保留较大面积的碎冰区域,并将其与主体冰域合并处理,因此所提取的海冰外缘线在衡量大尺度海冰范围方面更为合理。     

统计假设检验方法在全极化SAR变化检测中的应用

本文以全极化SAR数据为研究对象。由于全极化数据相干矩阵T3或协方差矩阵C3服从复wishart分布,所以首先在此分布的基础上利用统计假设检验方法构建似然比参数,用以表征地表地物的变化程度,然后利用基于广义高斯分布模型的EM迭代算法(GGM-EM)对变化信息进行初提取,最后充分考虑上下文信息,利用概率松弛迭代算法对初检测信息进行优化。该方法不仅全自动提取变化信息,而且经过非相干平均、初始分类、分类结果优化3次降斑去噪处理,因此检测精度较高。通过与传统对数比值法的比较,证明该方法的有效性。     

断裂输导系统及其组合对油气成藏的控制作用

断裂输导系统是油气在地下进行垂向运移的主要通道。它是由裂缝或裂缝－孔隙网络构成的，具有穿层，长距离垂向运移和周期性二个特点，断裂输导系统还可以与连通砂体，不整合面组合形式断裂－连通砂体，断裂－不整合面和断裂－连通砂体－不整合面复合输导系统，它们不仅控制油气成藏模式，而且其沿伸层位控制着油气的空间分布层位。