The Forced Secondary Circulation of the Mei-yu Front

Using National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data for the period 28 June to 12 July during 2001 to2013, the secondary circulation(SC) associated with the mei-yu front was quantitatively diagnosed by numerically solving a primitive version of the Sawyer-Eliassen equation. Results demonstrate that a direct SC exists near the mei-yu front zone during mid-summer and the synoptic-scale geostrophic deformations are the main factors determining SC structures. About94% of the sinking s...     

矢量分析法在福建两次飑线天气过程分析中的应用

简要介绍了准地转Q矢量分析方法,并用NCEP 1°×1°格点资料计算了Q矢量、Q矢量散度场及Q矢量锋生函数等物理量.从Q矢量流场、Q矢量散度场水平和垂直分布,及Q矢量锋生函数场分布等方面,对2005年5月5日福建前后两次飑线天气过程进行了分析.其结果表明Q矢量分析方法对强对流天气的预报具有指示作用.     

近60年黑龙江省台风暴雨统计及环流特征分析

使用台风最佳路径、黑龙江省83个国家基本气象站日降水量资料及NCEP NC再分析资料,对近60年黑龙江省台风活动规律、台风暴雨时空分布和环流形势及各物理量统计特征等进行分析。结果表明：2010年以后造成暴雨的台风个数增加,2015年之后台风暴雨强度持续增加,2020年达到最强。黑龙江省台风暴雨站次最多的时间是7月下旬至9月上旬。黑龙江省受台风影响出现暴雨的次数自东南向西北递减,暴雨次数多的站点一般与地形有关。将台风暴雨过程的高空环流形势分为3型8类,A型暴雨过程以台风环流降水为主,多数为稳定性降水,降水持续时间较长,B型和C型暴雨过程有较强冷空气参与,对流活跃,通常雨强较大。给黑龙江省带来大范围暴雨的环流形势有5类。以A-Ⅱ和C-Ⅰ两种环流形势出现的台风个数最多,A-Ⅱ和B-Ⅱ造成的暴雨范围最广。黑龙江省台风暴雨过程低空均有低涡活动;水汽主要来自日本海和黄渤海;低层辐合中心与暴雨区有较好的对应关系。A-Ⅱ类台风暴雨的各个物理量特征最突出（假相当位温和比湿略小于B-Ⅱ类）;B-Ⅱ类台风暴雨过程的暖湿空气最强,尽管动力条件稍差,但较好的热力和水汽条件也足以造成大范围的暴雨天气,成为平均单个过程出现暴雨以上站次最多的类型。     

Numerical simulation of the sudden rainstorm associated with the remnants of Typhoon Meranti (2010)

The Advanced Research Weather Forecasting (ARW) model was used to simulate the sudden heavy rainstorm associated with the remnants of Typhoon Meranti in September 2010. The results showed that the heavy rainfall was produced when the remnant clouds redeveloped suddenly, and the redevelopment was caused by rapid growth of micro/mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). As cold air intruded into the warm remnant clouds, the atmosphere became convectively unstable and frontogenesis happened due to strong wind shear between weak northerly flow and strong southwesterly flow in the lower levels. Under frontogenesis-forcing and warm-air advection stimulation in updrafts, vertical convection developed intensely inside the remnant clouds, with MCSs forming and maturing along the front. The genesis and development of MCSs was due to the great progress vertical vorticity made. The moist isentropic surface became slantwise as atmospheric baroclinity intensified when cold air intruded, which reduced the convective instability of the air.Meanwhile, vertical wind shear increased because the north cold air caused the wind direction to turn from south to north with height. In accordance with slantwise vorticity development (SVD), vertical vorticity would develop vigorously and contribute greatly to MCSs. Buoyancy, the pressure gradient, and the lifting of cold air were collectively the source of kinetic energy for rainfall. The low-level southwesterly jet from the western margin of the Western Pacific Subtropical High transported water and heat to remnant clouds. Energy bursts and continuous water vapor transportation played a major role in producing intense rainfall in a very short period of time.     

一次热带低压伴随中尺度锋生的暴雨天气过程分析

利用地面观测资料和NCEP/FNL再分析资料,对福建省东北部2018年8月24—25日热带低压影响下的暴雨天气过程进行分析,以揭示中尺度锋生对局地强降水的作用。结果表明：此次暴雨天气过程具有降水集中、局地性强、强度大、持续时间长、存在2个明显降水阶段的特征。强降水过程伴随中尺度锋生现象,且在第二阶段明显强于第一阶段,为第二阶段强降水提供有利动热力条件。热带低压移动缓慢,降雨持续时间长,配合中纬度槽带来的弱冷空气,是此次极端降水的原因之一。2个降水阶段都有较好的水汽供应,第二降水阶段水汽通量弱于第一阶段,说明水汽供应不是造成2个阶段降水强度差异的主要原因。由于低层风速较大,地形抬升比水汽供应具有更重要的作用。     

锋生作用对2011年梅汛期湖北暴雨的影响

利用常规气象资料、湖北人工气象站和自动气象监测站雨量资料、NCEP再分析0.5°×0.5°等资料,对锋生函数在2011年6月中上旬梅雨期三次暴雨过程中的作用进行了诊断分析。结果表明:(1)2011年湖北梅雨在单阻型环流场形成和维持的过程中,先后出现了三种不同特征的暴雨过程。三次过程均在中层出现锋生。(2)中层锋生主要由垂直锋生造成,有利于对流不稳定的发生。低层锋生主要由水平锋生造成,有利于水汽输送和辐合抬升。当中层和低层均有锋生,且中层为垂直锋生、低层为水平锋生时,有利于降雨强度的加强。(3)先出现中层锋生后出现低层锋生可能为短时降雨,先出现低层锋生后出现中层锋生可能为长历时降雨。(4)低层的垂直锋消与水平锋生完全抵消说明低层水平辐合不够强,且对流稳定,不利于强降雨的发生。     

Submesoscale-enhanced filaments and frontogenetic mechanism within mesoscale eddies of the South China Sea

Submesoscale activity in the upper ocean has received intense studies through simulations and observations in the last decade, but in the eddy-active South China Sea (SCS) the fine-scale dynamical processes of submesoscale behaviors and their potential impacts have not been well understood. This study focuses on the elongated filaments of an eddy field in the northern SCS and investigates submesoscale-enhanced vertical motions and the underlying mechanism using satellite-derived observations and a high-resolution (~500 m) simulation. The satellite images show that the elongated highly productive stripes with a typical lateral scale of ~25 km and associated filaments are frequently observed at the periphery of mesoscale eddies. The diagnostic results based on the 500 m-resolution realistic simulation indicate that these submesoscale filaments are characterized by cross-filament vertical secondary circulations with an increased vertical velocity reaching O(100 m/d) due to submesoscale instabilities. The vertical advections of secondary circulations drive a restratified vertical buoyancy flux along filament zones and induce a vertical heat flux up to 110 W/m2. This result implies a significant submesoscale-enhanced vertical exchange between the ocean surface and interior in the filaments. Frontogenesis that acts to sharpen the lateral buoyancy gradients is detected to be conducive to driving submesoscale instabilities and enhancing secondary circulations through increasing the filament baroclinicity. The further analysis indicates that the filament frontogenesis detected in this study is not only derived from mesoscale straining of the eddy, but also effectively induced by the subsequent submesoscale straining due to ageostrophic convergence. In this context, these submesoscale filaments and associated frontogenetic processes can provide a potential interpretation for the vertical nutrient supply for phytoplankton growth in the high-productive stripes within the mesoscale eddy, as well as enhanced vertical heat transport.     

2011年冬季贵州低温雨雪冰冻天气的成因分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°及2.5°×2.5°格点再分析资料,对贵州2011年初的低温雨雪冰冻过程的天气成因进行了初步分析。结果表明：东亚地区500 hPa高度距平场＂北高南低＂分布以及中高纬阻塞高压的稳定维持,有利于引导冷空气频繁南下影响贵州,是持续低温的主要原因。滇黔准静止锋也是重要的影响系统,它的长期存在有利于阴雨天气维持;而大范围的冻雨（雪）天气则是伴随着东移的南支槽以及向上伸展的水汽辐合。由于西太平洋副高较弱和中亚地区低值系统不活跃,没有稳定持续的水汽向贵州输送,所以过程表现出短暂的间歇性,尤其是距离滇黔准静止锋区相对较远的贵州东部地区,受灾程度远不如2008年严重。因为有偏北路径的冷空气入侵,贵州中西部地区冰冻强度超过2008年;垂直结构的差异是影响范围最大强度最强的两次过程（第1和第4次）降水相态不同的重要原因;冰冻的形成与增长是多种气象因子综合影响的结果,在一定的降水条件下,日平均气温是影响冰冻强度的重要因子。     

Interaction of mesoscale convection and frontogenesis

1. Introduction The relationship between frontogenesis and convec- ?tion has been studied intensively by many researchers ? ? ?(Orlanski and Ross, 1977 Ross and Orlansk…     

乌鲁木齐机场一次强沙尘暴天气过程分析

对1998年4月18日强风沙尘暴天气从天气形势、天气特点、形成机制及预报能力等方面进行了分析。这是一次在大尺度锋前晴空干热区新生干飑线造成的特殊天气，目前的常规监测及预报手段还无法准确预报这种特殊的灾害性天气。