论地质项目管理中的几种关系

近年来湖南找矿突破前景乐观,如地质四一三队发现了含金刚石的橄榄钾镁煌斑岩体群。为扩大找矿突破成果,在地质项目管理中,需要理顺国家需要与地质可能、导向矿种与一般矿种、大型矿床与小型矿床、矿床新类型与传统类型以及勘查与开发等五种关系。     

都江堰市龙池镇黄央沟泥石流特征与防治工程效果分析

黄央沟位于"5.12"汶川地震的极重灾区四川省都江堰市龙池镇,地震使沟内山体发生大规模的滑坡和崩塌,其为泥石流的形成提供了丰富的松散固体物质。地震后黄央沟泥石流十分活跃,2010年8月13日、8月18日和2013年7月9日均暴发了泥石流,造成了严重的经济损失。笔者通过对黄央沟泥石流灾害现场进行实地调查,详细分析了黄央沟泥石流的形成条件和发育特征,并对已有防治工程效果进行了分析和探讨。针对防治工程存在的问题和黄央沟泥石流的特点,建议在沟道下游和堆积区修建排导沟,使泥石流顺畅排入龙溪河;采取工程和生物措施来稳定沟道内的崩滑堆积体和不稳定斜坡,减少泥石流物源;沟口公路采用高架桥跨越方式通过泥石流堆积扇。该研究结果可为强震区泥石流灾害的防治提供参考。     

Advances and Overview of the Study on Paleo-earthquake Events: A Review of Seismites

The distribution and formation mechanisms of typical identified seismites are analyzed based on various factors from plate tectonic positions, types of sedimentary basins and properties of seismogenic faults to focal mechanisms. Especially, structural styles, reserved positions, activity times, formation mechanisms and dynamics of soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by seismic activity are systematically analyzed. According to the genetic types of seismites, we propose 5 categories, including liquefied deformation, thixotropic deformation, hydroplastic deformation, superimposed gravity driving deformation and brittle deformation. Further, based on the main genetic types, composition of sediments and deformation styles, we draw up 35 secondary classifications. To determine paleo-seismic sequences in different times, activities of seismogenic faults, high-resolution tectonic events in one main tectonic movement and paleo-tectonic settings, and to understand the inducing mechanisms of paleo-earthquakes and ecologic environment evolution, researching on seismites are of great significance. Combing multiple approaches to identify the paleoearthquake records, simulating experiments on various soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by different magnitudes of shocking, dating precisely on paleo-seismic events, impacting on paleogeography and biological environment and on energy and resources domain are the frontiers of paleoseismic research.     

聚焦旅游视域下的中国边疆研究

旅游业是中国边疆发展的重要引擎,也是维护国家核心利益的多样化手段之一。领土边疆与文化边疆叠合、边疆开发与旅游发展过程耦合,是中国边疆旅游的最大特色,由此带来更加复杂的空间、时间场域,为中国旅游地理学者提供了宏阔的研究视域。作为有潜力的冷点研究,边疆旅游是旅游地理学结合中国现实的新增长点,在第三次边疆研究热潮中旅游学者应有所作为。在综述中西边疆旅游文献基础上,力图通过内涵与外延界定破解中国边疆旅游之题,提出狭义边疆旅游由县域边境旅游和海岛旅游组成,广义边疆旅游为黑河—腾冲一线以西的民族旅游。边疆开发与旅游发展耦合过程、旅游发展引发的边疆人口迁移、对边疆旅游需求的理解与供给管理、海岛可持续旅游开发等是当下边疆旅游研究的重要方向。边疆旅游概念界定与研究主题明晰有利于开拓符合中国地理、文化特征的可持续旅游研究。     

The material conditions for research in France from 1600 to 1850: Physics,chemistry and astronomy

The income of the scientists in France during the 17th to the middle of the 19th century is reviewed and compared to the cost of their instruments. Only a small number of scientists received enough public money to be able to do full-time research; this number increased substantially after the Revolution. Most scientists had to have other sources of income, in particular to be able to purchase their instruments. Large research projects, generally decided and financed by the Academy of Sciences, took place during this period, requiring collaborative interdisciplinary efforts and a considerable logistics: they anticipate our present cooperative programs and giant research facilities.     

The leaky sink: persistent obstacles to a forest carbon sequestration program based on individual projects

Abstract

One strategy for mitigating the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is to expand the size of the terrestrial carbon sink, particularly forests, essentially using trees as biological scrubbers. Within relevant ranges of carbon abatement targets, augmenting carbon sequestration by protecting and expanding biomass sinks can potentially make large contributions at costs that are comparable or lower than for emission source controls. The Kyoto protocol to the framework convention on climate change includes many provisions for forest and land use carbon sequestration projects and activities in its signatories' overall greenhouse gas mitigation plans. In particular, the protocol provides a joint implementation provision and a clean development mechanism that would allow nations to claim credit for carbon sequestration projects undertaken in cooperation with other countries. However, there are many obstacles for implementing an effective program of land use change and forestry carbon credits, especially measurement challenges. This paper explains the difficulty that even impartial analysts have in assessing the carbon offset benefits of projects. When these measurement challenges are combined with self-interest, asymmetries of information, and large numbers, it prevents to a project-based forest and land use carbon credit program may be insurmountable.     

辽宁沿海经济带工业环境效率分析

环境效率是生态效率的重要组成部分。基于环境效率对于指导区域经济与环境协调发展的重要意义,以重工业基地辽宁沿海经济带为例作环境效率研究,应用数据包络分析(DEA)和随机前沿分析(SFA)测算辽宁沿海经济带2001~2009年工业环境效率和产出弹性。在此基础上利用Tobit模型构建多元线性回归,分析工业环境效率的关键影响因素。结果表明:2001~2009年辽宁沿海经济带工业环境效率有大幅提高,但与理想状况仍有一定差距。其中大连的工业经济增长主要依靠劳动力推动,对环境成本的依赖正在减小,丹东、营口和葫芦岛3市的工业增长需要牺牲更多的环境成本。重工业化、资本密集化和高新技术化不利于工业环境效率提高,经济发展水平的提高则极大地促进了工业环境效率的提高。所有制结构、生产规模、外商投资和环境管理力度等因素因其作用的两面性,对工业环境效率无有效影响。     

Highlighting: The Federation of Malaysia

Abstract

The connotations and meanings of the term “frontier” have undergone several transitions, mainly from border areas through advance settlement regions to developing regions. These transitions are highlighted in several ways: tracing the idea of the frontier back to its original meanings; providing a critical perspective on experiments for redefinitions of frontiers; and, finally, drawing some conclusions from these redefinitions, notably in light of the evolving global economy.     

基于WebGIS的城市建设工程监管系统设计与实现

文章介绍了基于WebGIS的建设工程监管系统的技术架构、网络结构、关键技术和主要功能模块。系统实现了建设工程监管的可视化,旨在为提高城市建设工程的监管水平提供科学、准确、综合的信息支持。     

基于多源数据的乡村功能空间特征及其权衡协同关系度量

本研究基于土地利用、兴趣点、社会经济统计等数据,从乡镇尺度揭示了北京生态涵养区经济发展、农产品生产、社会保障、生态服务、旅游休闲以及综合功能的空间特征,并运用Spearman秩相关分析、生产可能性边界（PPF）、权衡强度指数等定量探讨了多功能间的权衡-协同关系及其权衡程度。结果表明：① 经济发展、社会保障和休闲旅游功能的空间格局相似;生态服务功能与经济发展、社会保障和农产品生产功能的空间格局基本相逆。② 经济发展与农产品生产/社会保障功能为显著协同关系;经济发展/农产品生产/社会保障与生态服务功能为显著权衡关系。③ 按照“‘权衡强度越小,功能间共生发展’‘权衡强度越大,最多发展一种功能’”的思路,以追求乡村功能组合的综合效益最大化为目标,将生态涵养区划分为I（4种功能共生）、II（3种功能共生）、III（2种功能共生）和IV（单一功能发展）4种类型区。研究结果将为区域乡村振兴规划编制提供参考,为乡村功能协同发展路径设计提供技术支撑。