Genesis of Tertiary Magnetite–Apatite Deposits,Southeast of Zanjan,Iran

Magnetite–apatite deposits in the Alborz volcano–plutonic belt, southeast Zanjan, in Iran, have blade, lenzoid, and vein forms, which extend in an E‐W direction. There are many magnetite–apatite veins and veinlets in this region, and some of them are economically important, such as Zaker, Morvarid, Sorkheh–Dizaj, and Aliabad. The sizes of the vein orebodies vary between 2 and 16 m in width, 10–100 m in length, and 5–40 m in depth. Microscopic examination of thin sections and polishes indicate that they are composed of magnetite and apatite, with minor amounts of goethite, hematite, actinolite, quartz, muscovite–illite, talc, dolomite, and calcite. The geochemistry and mineralogy of the granitic host rock reveals that it is calc‐alkaline and I‐type. Field observations, mineral paragenesis, the composition of the orebodies, and the composition of the fluid inclusions in the apatite minerals with low salinity (less than 20 wt.% NaCl equivalent) indicate that these magnetite veins were hydrothermally generated at about 200–430°C and are not related to silica–iron oxide immiscibility, as are the major Precambrian magnetite deposits in central Iran.     

韧性剪切带内流体作用及成分变化与体积变化

韧性剪切带中的大量流体活动,影响了变形机制和矿物成分的变化。由于流体的渗透,造成某些元素的迁移,形成剪切带的物质成分变化和体积变化。流体与岩石的相互作用则是剪切带发展过程中的重要作用。应用成分变化计算体积变化已成为研究的热点问题     

假3°带坐标系及关于大城市坐标系的建议

现时许多地方和工程坐标系在坐标数值和方位上与国家标准3°带里的偏差很大,使得其地形图无法与国家标准3°带的对接,并导致工程实践中许多的麻烦和不便;许多地方坐标系有效带宽太小。本文通过一个简单的公式,一次完成控制网的换带、旋转、放大、平移,获得控制网的"假3°带坐标系"坐标。假3°带坐标系具有诸多优点:坐标数值和方位与国家标准3°带的偏差极小,地形图可与国家的对接;有效带宽极大;便于CORS系统流动站使用;做法简单,适用广泛,可用于全国绝大部分地方坐标系。文章还对大城市坐标系的建立提出了有益建议。     

蚀变带元素地球化学成矿预测法──以金龙山微细浸染型金矿为例

金矿化作用伴围岩蚀变，且多受断裂控制，反映在地球化学上出现某些元素的异常。在已发现一害矿化体并掌握一般控制矿特征的地区，利用已有工程在蚀变带内连续捡块采样，分析有关批示元素，总结有关的地球化学指标，建立地球化学预测模式，对已知矿体及外围异常进行了地球化学评价。     

Gemstone Mineralization in the Palghat-Cauvery Shear Zone System (Karur-Kangayam Belt), Southern India

We summarize here the occurrence of a number of semiprecious stones within a major gemstone belt in the Palghat-Cauvery shear zone system close to the northern margin of the Madurai Granulite Block, southern India. The gem mineralization in this belt includes different varieties of corundum (star ruby, sapphire), cordierite (iolite), feldspar (moonstones and sunstone of various hues), beryl (emerald, aquamarine), chrysoberyl (alexandrite), kornerupine, topaz, spinel, crystal quartz and amethyst, among others. Gem mineralisation has not been directly dated, but is associated with pegmatites that crosscut rocks metamorphosed in late Neoproterozoic/Early Cambrian times. Similar aged gem mineralization occurs south of the Achankovil Shear Zone in southern India, as well as in Sri Lanka and Madagascar and strengthen the view of a broad late Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian gemstone province in central Gondwana. The ruby mineralization within this belt can be correlated with similar occurrences in eastern Madagascar, supporting a correlation between the Malagasy Betsimisaraka suture zone and the Palghat-Cauvery shear zone system in southern India.     

我国土地利用/覆被研究的热点与应用发展问题

本文回顾了国内土地利用调查和土地利用/覆被变化(以下简称LUCC)的研究历程,认为20世纪80年代前的半个世纪,我国以土地调查为主的土地利用研究发展缓慢。到了80年代后,由于遥感技术由实验走向实用、地理信息系统技术的普及,加之IGBP和HDP两大组织发起的土地利用/覆被变化研究,这一领域的研究得到了极大地推动。目前,该领域存在着技术潮流、驱动力研究潮流、环境效应研究潮流、景观生态学潮流等热点,这对于推动LUCC的多学科深入研究具有积极作用;指出了土地利用/覆被变化研究中存在的"重技术轻学理"现象、微观机理研究不足、忽视土地利用替代性研究、土地可持续利用评价针对性不够、研究的服务对象单一等问题,LUCC研究要在克服这些问题中发展;由此提出,在经过一定的领域拓展、案例积累、技术准备等基础工作之后,我国土地利用/覆被变化研究应针对前述问题,加强理论建设,探索模型建立,拓展区域应用,发挥多学科核心作用,在理论建设、数学模型表达、机理探讨等方面,为现代地理学做出贡献,为地理学的社会作用和应用拓展更加广阔的空间。     

A modelling study of ecosystem dynamics and nutrient cycling in the Humber plume, UK

The European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) has been coupled with a two-dimensional depth-averaged transport model of the Humber plume region and run to simulate 1988–1989. Simulations of the spatial and temporal variations in chlorophyll-a, nitrate, phosphate and suspended particulate matter distributions in winter, spring and summer show how the development of the spring bloom and subsequent maintenance of primary production is controlled by the physicochemical environment of the plume zone. Results are also shown for two stations, one characterised by the high nutrient and suspended matter concentrations of the plume and the other by the relatively low nutrient and sediment concentrations of the offshore waters. The modelled net primary production at the plume site was 105 g C m⁻² a⁻¹ and 127 g C m⁻² a⁻¹ offshore. Primary production was controlled by light limitation between October and March and by the availability of nutrients during the rest of the year. The phytoplankton nutrient demand is met by in-situ recycling processes during the summer. The likely effect of increasing and decreasing anthropogenic riverine inputs of nitrate and phosphate upon ecosystem function was also investigated. Modelling experiments indicate that increasing the nitrogen to silicate ratio in freshwater inputs increased the production of non-siliceous phytoplankton in the plume. The results of this model have been used to calculate the annual and quarterly mass balances describing the usage of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and silicate within the plume zone for the period of the NERC North Sea survey (September 1988 to October 1989). The modelled Humber plume retains 3.9% of the freshwater dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 2.2% of the freshwater phosphate and 1.3% of the freshwater silicate input over the simulated seasonal cycle. The remainder is transported into the southern North Sea in either dissolved or particulate form. The reliability of these results is discussed.     

Research advances in eco-hydrological process and function

Present studies on the coupling relationship and hydrology mechanism between basin ecosystem and hydrological process has become an international research frontier in hydrology. This paper investigates this coupling relationship, and also summarizes research and presents a method of combining isotopic technology with hydro-chemical methods, for the study of eco-hydrological process and function in different landscape zones. We then examine research trends for future direction and development of this field.     

Urbanised beaches of the Ligurian coastal area (NW Mediterranean): A classification based on organic-matter characteristics and hydrolytic enzymatic activities

The beaches of Liguria have been intensively affected by human activities for over a century, transforming nearly the entire coastline from natural to urbanised and significantly upsetting beach ecological properties. The present study aims to investigate 9 Ligurian beaches characterised by different degree of urbanisation, to test if and to what extent the organic-matter (OM) recycling processes can be linked to the human activity. Swash zone sediment, sampled during the spring–summer–autumn period, when the anthropogenic influence is at its maximum due to tourism, was analysed for OM features and recycling processes. Multivariate statistical analyses showed that huge amounts of detrital OM accumulated in the more urbanised sites, where the anthropogenic influence was at its peak, deriving from higher inhabitant number and density, from the presence of crowded roads very near to the swash zone and sewage treatment plants. The presence of torrent outlets on the beaches provided further OM accumulation. Lipids, carbohydrates and degraded autotrophic pigments were the OM fractions mainly responsible of the differentiation, and rather constant, high labile phosphorus contents were found in the more urbanised sites. The high activity values of the hydrolytic enzymes indicate the response of the microbial system to the OM accumulation in the urban sites. However, a decoupling of the trends of some enzymatic activities (namely glucosidase and lipase) and their target OM was observed in the highly urbanised conditions.     

公婆泉盆地下白垩统新民堡群层序地层和铀成矿特点

本文论述了公婆泉盆地下白垩统新民堡群的层序地层特点———层序分布和时代、界面特征和内部构成、沉积相,以及层间氧化带和铀矿化特点。认为该盆地在公婆泉地段具有一定的找铀矿远景,但北骆驼泉地段铀成矿条件不佳,那林疏怀地段不具备铀成矿远景。