Performance of a base isolator with shape memory alloy bars

A new and innovative base isolation device is introduced in this paper based on extensive research carried out by the authors and their co-workers. A prototype of the device was built and experimentally tested on the shaking table. The new base isolation device consists of two disks, one vertical cylinder with an upper enlargement sustained by three horizontal cantilevers, and at least three inclined shape memory alloy (SMA) bars. The role of the SMA bars is to limit the relative motion between the base and the superstructure, to dissipate energy by their super-elastic constitutive law and to guarantee the re-centring of the device. To verify the expected performance, a prototype was built and tested under sinusoidal waves of displacement of increasing frequency with different amplitudes. It is shown that the main feature of the proposed base isolation device is that for cyclic loading, the super-elastic behavior of the alloy results in wide load-displacement loops, where a large amount of energy is dissipated.     

基于不同摩擦系数水平的滑移隔震体系的相对输入能量与绝对输入能量的差异性分析

定义了能量变化率指标,以简谐激励作用下的滑移隔震结构为例,探讨了摩擦系数对滑移隔震结构能量变化率指标的影响,通过对这些能量指标的研究,分析了系统的相对输入能量和绝对输入能量的差异性随摩擦系数的变化规律,为后续研究提供理论依据。     

Verification of significant wave representation method

The significant wave representation method is the simplest method for computing the transformation of significant wave height across-shore. However, many engineers are reluctant to use this method because many researchers have pointed out that the method possibly contains a large estimation error. Nevertheless, Rattanapitikon et al. [Rattanapitikon, W., Karunchintadit, R., Shibayama, T., 2003. Irregular wave height transformation using representative wave approach. Coastal Engineering Journal, JSCE 45(3), 489–510.] showed that the wave representation method could be used to compute the transformation of root mean square wave heights. It may also be possible to use it for computing the significant wave height transformation. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the possibility of simulating significant wave height transformation across-shore by using the significant wave representation method. Laboratory data from small- and large-scale wave flumes were used to calibrate and examine the models. Six regular wave models were applied directly to irregular waves by using the significant wave height and spectral peak period. The examination showed that three regular wave models (with new coefficients) could be used to compute the significant wave height transformation with very good accuracy. On the strength of both accuracy and simplicity of the three models, a suitable model is recommended for computing the significant wave height transformation. The suitable model was also modified for better predictions. The modified model (with different coefficients) can be used to compute either regular wave height or significant wave height transformation across-shore.     

Comparison Study on Wind Input and Whitecapping Dissipation Expressions in Numerical Simulation of Typhoon Generated Waves

In order to investigate the effect of wind input and whitecapping dissipation on the simulation of typhoon-waves, three experiments are conducted with the latest version of SWAN （Simulating WAves Nearshore） model. The three experiments adopt the Komen, Janssens, and Westhuysen expressions for wind input and whitecapping dissipation, respectively. Besides the above-mentioned source tems, other parameterization schemes in these experiments are the same. It shows that the experiment with the Westhuysen expression result in the least simulation errors while that with the Janssens expression has the most. The results from the experiments with Komen and Westhuysen expressions show that the differenees in significant wave height （SWH） have a good correlation with the differences in dissipation energy caused by whiteeapping. This indicates that the whitecapping dissipation source term plays an important role in the resultant differences of the simulated SWH between the two experiments.     

基于孔隙率的延安黄土抗剪强度模型

孔隙率对黄土抗剪强度具有非常重要的影响,然而,孔隙率对黄土抗剪强度影响效果的认识并不充分。本文以陕西省延安黄土为研究对象,开展不同孔隙率的黄土直剪试验研究,探讨了孔隙率对粘聚力与内摩擦角的定量变化关系;并以此为基础,构建了基于孔隙率的延安黄土抗剪强度模型,并对其进行了验证。研究结果表明:(1)延安黄土粘聚力与孔隙率间呈幂函数变化关系;(2)延安不同孔隙率黄土内摩擦角取值呈现出两个区间,当孔隙率n≥0.4时,其内摩擦角在25±2.5°的范围内变动,而当孔隙率n<0.4时,其内摩擦角在29.5±2°的范围内变动;(3)通过分析得到了基于孔隙率的延安黄土抗剪强度模型,且该模型得到的黄土抗剪强度理论值与实测值间的误差较小,相对误差均在7%以内,具有较高的精确度。研究成果不仅能为延安黄土抗剪强度研究等提供技术支持,而且还能为该地区的工程建设等方面提供理论参考。     

Analytical convolution model for shipping water evolution on a fixed structure

The shipping of water is a problem that affects naval and offshore structures. Estimating its propagation on the decks of these structures by using analytical methods has been a main concern of projects. However, classical approaches disregard the decay tendency of water elevation time series and tend to overestimate the resultant water on deck. This paper is concerned with estimating the evolution of water along the deck of a fixed structure due to shipping water events. An analytical convolution model is proposed to estimate water elevations. The model considers the freeboard exceedance time series and the mean shipping flow velocity as inputs and the frictional effects of the bottom by resistance coefficients, which enables an approximated representation of the water elevation time series over the deck. It was validated with experiments of isolated shipping water events that were generated with the wet dam-break approach. The results obtained with the proposed model captured the experimental results, approximating the peak values and the decay trend of time series. Improvement of the proposed approach over classical models to represent shipping water elevations was demonstrated by comparing the results obtained with those of the dam-break model of Stoker.     

Hydrodynamic Tidal Model of the Persian Gulf Based on Spatially Variable Bed Friction Coefficient

The aim of this study is to develop a two-dimensional hydrodynamic tidal model for the Persian Gulf (PG2017) using 2D-MIKE21 software. The advantages of present study is accounting for the spatial variation of bed friction coefficient besides a precise bathymetry together with a 23-year of combined records of satellite altimetry data. We found that the bed friction coefficient has a significant effect on sea level changes in the region under our modeling consideration. Since the tidal behavior in the northern part of the Qeshm Island is significantly different from the other parts of the Persian Gulf, to present a more accurate hydrodynamic tidal model, the Gulf is divided into two regions where the bed friction coefficient is modeled separately for each region. The root mean square value of the differences between the amplitude of dominant constituents; M2, S2, K1, and O1 derived from the PG2017 model and that of 98 altimetry and coastal tide gauge stations are respectively equal to 1.6, 1.9, 2.8, and 1.3?cm. Moreover, comparing the PG2017 model efficiency with the FES2014, OSU12, EOT11a, DTU10, and Admiralty models shows that the PG2017 model has an improvement of 22.1%, 47.2%, 43.2%, 44.2%, and 57.6% in terms of relative error, respectively.     

FRP约束混凝土柱抗震性能若干问题的探讨

基于实验研究和理论分析结果,对纤维增强复合材料(FRP)约束混凝土柱抗震性能研究中存在的若干关键问题进行了探讨,包括FRP约束混凝土构件在往复荷载作用下的受力特点、破坏特征、荷载-位移关系、弯矩-曲率关系、耗能及延性变化规律等,最后重点探讨了FRP约束混凝土柱在往复荷载作用下的刚度特性。     

基于ANSYS软件benchmark模型耗能减振控制分析

本文系统介绍了当前国际结构振动控制的公共平台———Benchm ark模型,首次给出使用通用有限元软件ANSYS对第3阶段20层非线性钢框架抗震结构的有限元建模,结果表明,模态、无控地震反应分析结果和ASCE给出的MATLAB结果相同。利用粘滞阻尼器对此模型的耗能减振数值仿真分析的结果表明:粘滞阻尼器是一种性能很好的阻尼器,使用本文给出ANSYS的Benchm ark有限元模型来进行耗能减振控制分析是方便的、可行的。     

北极薄冰-煎饼冰区域中不同重力波驱动形成海流的敏感性分析

A coupled ocean-ice-wave model is used to study ice-edge jet and eddy genesis during surface gravity wave dissipation in a frazil-pancake ice zone. With observational data from the Beaufort Sea, possible wave dissipation processes are evaluated using sensitivity experiments. As wave energy dissipated, energy was transferred into ice floe through radiation stress. Later, energy was in turn transferred into current through ocean-ice interfacial stress. Since most of the wave energy is dissipated at the ice edge, ice-edge jets, which contained strong horizontal shear, appeared both in the ice zone and the ocean. Meanwhile, the wave propagation direction determines the velocity partition in the along-ice-edge and cross-ice-edge directions, which in turn determines the strength of the along-ice-edge jet and cross-ice-edge velocity. The momentum applied in the along-ice-edge(cross-ice-edge)direction increased(decreased) with larger incident angle, which is favorable condition for producing stronger mesoscale eddies, vice versa. The dissipation rate increases(decreases) with larger(smaller) wavenumber, which enhances(reduces) the jet strength and the strength of the mesoscale eddy. The strong along-ice-edge jet may extend to a deep layer(> 200 m). If the water depth is too shallow(e.g., 80 m), the jet may be largely dampened by bottom drag, and no visible mesoscale eddies are found. The results suggest that the bathymetry and incident wavenumber(magnitude and propagation direction) are important for wave-driven current and mesoscale eddy genesis.