Groundwater travel time in the freshwater lenses of Samborombón Bay,Argentina

Abstract

The Samborombón Bay area (Argentina) is a coastal plain environment that contains groundwater resources with high salinity. In addition, there are local freshwater lenses associated with shell ridges and sand sheets in the region. In this work, the groundwater travel time in these freshwater lenses is estimated based on their geological conditions, which include hydraulic conductivity, recharge, morphology and discharge to surface freshwater or to saline groundwater. Groundwater travel times in the freshwater lenses were calculated from the equations developed by Chesnaux and Allen. The travel times estimated for the different scenarios were relatively short. The results indicate that the groundwater flow tends to be strongly dependent on the recharge conditions, with an excess of water in the water balance. The results can be applied to help design sustainable management methods to exploit this water resource system and also to assess the impact of contaminant plumes on this groundwater resource.

Citation Carol, E., Kruse, E. & Roig, A. (2010) Groundwater travel time in the freshwater lenses of Samborombón Bay, Argentina. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(5), 754–762.     

Free cupric ion concentrations and Cu complexation in selected Swiss lakes and rivers

[Cu²⁺] and Cu complexation parameters in some selected freshwater systems in Switzerland were determined by the technique of ligand-exchange and DPCSV. Results from the water columns of some eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes are presented and compared to small acid lakes. Cu is strongly complexed by organic ligands which with very high stability constants at low concentrations are probably biologically produced, as indicated by the seasonal variations in the eutrophic lakes and by the relationship between Cu complexation and algal activity in the eutrophic (pCu=15–16), oligotrophic (pCu=13–14) and acidic (pCu=9–10) lakes. The extent of Cu complexation in river waters was generally lower than in the eutrophic lakes, at similar DOC levels. No obvious correlation between Cu complexation and DOC was observed, indicating that Cu complexing ligands are specific organic compounds.     

鄱阳湖流域蚌类环境DNA宏条形码引物的筛选验证

环境DNA技术是一种非侵入、高灵敏、高效率且对环境无破坏性,对生物体无损伤的调查工具.为了筛选适合于蚌类环境DNA生物多样性研究的宏条形码引物,本研究通过对鄱阳湖流域24种常见蚌的基因组DNA进行普通扩增和高通量测序筛选了11对引物(设计了9对通用引物及从相关文献中引用了2对引物),结果显示引物cytb和16S rRN...     

海岛淡水透镜体演变规律的室内模拟实验

淡水透镜体作为海岛主要的甚至是唯一的淡水资源,对其在天然和开采条件下的演变规律研究是海岛淡水资源利用和管理的首要任务。采用自制的室内物理模型,对海岛淡水透镜体的演变过程进行了模拟实验。模拟了降雨补给条件下淡水透镜体的形成过程;在无补给条件下,开采淡水时倒锥的变化过程。结果表明：当开采量达到3.73×10^-5m³/s时,倒锥进入抽水井,淡水透镜体被击穿。     

PCC桩负摩阻力作用机理初探

负摩阻力问题广泛存在于桩基工程中。PCC桩（现浇混凝土薄壁管桩）技术是河海大学自主研发的新型地基加固处理技术,而目前对PCC桩负摩阻力研究成果较少。结合以往研究实心桩的成果和PCC桩自身的特点,基于太沙基固结理论,探讨了PCC桩负摩阻力作用机理。研究表明,在PCC桩内部不产生负摩阻力,可以用原有方法计算外部负摩阻力,推导出其将在今后试验进一步验证。     

Stresses due to vertical subsurface loading for an inhomogeneous cross‐anisotropic half‐space

In this article, we present the solutions for the stresses induced by four different loads associated with an axially loaded pile in a continuously inhomogeneous cross‐anisotropic half‐space. The planes of cross‐anisotropy are parallel to the horizontal surface of the half‐space, and the Young's and shear moduli are assumed to vary exponentially with depth. The four loading types are: an embedded point load for an end‐bearing pile, uniform skin friction, linear variation of skin friction, and non‐linear parabolic variation of skin friction for a friction pile. The solutions for the stresses due to the pile load are expressed in terms of the Hankel integral and are obtained from the point load solutions of the same inhomogeneous cross‐anisotropic half‐space which were derived recently by the authors (Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 2003; 40 (5):667–685). A numerical procedure is proposed to carry out the integral. For the special case of homogeneous isotropic and cross‐anisotropic half‐space, the stresses predicted by the numerical procedure agree well with the solutions of Geddes and Wang (Geotechnique 1966; 16 (3):231–255; Soils Found. 2003; 43 (5):41–52). An illustrative example is also given to investigate the effect of soil inhomogeneity, the type and degree of soil anisotropy, and the four different loading types on the vertical normal stress. The presented solutions are more realistic in simulating the actual stratum of loading problem in many areas of engineering practice. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A hybrid Bayesian back‐propagation neural network approach to multivariate modelling

There is growing interest in the use of back‐propagation neural networks to model non‐linear multivariate problems in geotehnical engineering. To overcome the shortcomings of the conventional back‐propagation neural network, such as overfitting, where the neural network learns the spurious details and noise in the training examples, a hybrid back‐propagation algorithm has been developed. The method utilizes the genetic algorithms search technique and the Bayesian neural network methodology. The genetic algorithms enhance the stochastic search to locate the global minima for the neural network model. The Bayesian inference procedures essentially provide better generalization and a statistical approach to deal with data uncertainty in comparison with the conventional back‐propagation. The uncertainty of data can be indicated using error bars. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the convergence and generalization capabilities of this hybrid algorithm. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北极加拿大海盆2003年和2008年上层海洋热含量的差异分析

主要利用2003年和2008年两次夏季北极科学考察的CTD数据处理了加拿大海盆上层海洋的热含量(这里上层海洋指的是200m以上的海洋),定量分析了热含量随深度的变化,并比较分析了这两年在夏季海冰融化期间热含量的垂向差异变化,以及影响热含量变化的因素,给出了上层海洋热含量在加拿大海盆的空间分布。2008年与2003年相比最显著的变化是在加拿大海盆开阔水域的增加,这将导致太阳辐射能进入海洋中的能量增加,同时海冰的大量融化带来了大量淡水,这些变化改变了上层海洋的温盐性质。海冰大量融化主要产生两个效应：一是上层海洋的普遍增暖,二是太平洋入流水体的下移。文中还分析了近年来在加拿大海盆中变化显著的次表层暖水现象,由于次表层暖水蕴含着不小的热含量,其在上层海洋热量平衡中的作用不容忽视。     

北极海冰快速减少期间加拿大海盆上层海洋夏季淡水含量变化

北极海冰近年来快速减少,北冰洋淡水含量也出现了急剧变化。加拿大海盆作为北冰洋淡水的主要存储区域,研究其淡水含量变化对于认识北冰洋淡水收支有重要意义。本文根据2003年、2008年中国北极考察以及2004年至2007年的加拿大考察数据进行计算,发现除2006年以外,夏季加拿大海盆淡水含量在此期间每年增加1m以上厚度。增加主要发生在冬季白令海水以上的上层海水中,而在此之下,淡水含量维持在3m左右,没有显著年际差异。在2006年,加拿大海盆西部上层淡水含量略微减少,但东部和北部海域淡水含量仍略有增加。与2003年相比,2008年加拿大海盆中心海区淡水含量增加量最高可达7m。分析表明,近年来的海冰减退对加拿大海盆上层淡水含量的增加起着重要作用,北极涛动(AO)正负相位变化也是控制其淡水含量变化的一个重要因素。而降水、径流以及白令海峡入流水的变化对加拿大海盆淡水含量变化影响较小。     

CHIMEHERB人工皮使用的体会

从1989年4月～1990年10月,我科在69例病人中使用CHIMEHERB人工皮,覆盖治疗了供皮区,Ⅱ°烧伤创面、脱痂创面的残余肉芽创面.临床应用表明:CHIMEHERB人工皮能加快创面的愈合,是目前较好的一种创面覆盖物,用人工皮覆盖创面2～3天后,人工皮干燥,不需再换药,可减轻病人的痛苦.