非饱和黏土的冻胀融沉过程分析

通过非饱和黏土的冻胀融沉试验,分析了非饱和黏土在不同含水率（饱和度）和密度情况下冻胀融沉变化特征,探讨了非饱和状态下不同含水率对热传导的影响规律,重点研究了冻胀过程中冻结锋面的移动规律。在一定冻结条件下,冻结锋面移动速度与干密度和含水率有关,尤其是含水率对冻结锋面移动速度产生较大的影响。含水率越大,冻结锋面移动越快。根据该非饱和冻土的试验与分析,旨在为理论研究与工程应用提供参考。     

深部高承压水地层裂隙岩体冻结温度场实测研究

通过深部高承压水地层冻结法凿井现场实测,获得矿井裂隙岩体各个层位测温孔的温度和盐水去回路干管温度变化规律.结果表明:测温孔实测温度在冻结初期呈线性下降规律;当温度继续降低到岩石的结冰温度以后,降温速率逐步增加;当冻结帷幕达到设计温度时,实测温度变化趋于平缓;外圈管外侧测温孔降温速率最慢,两圈管之间位置的测温孔降温速率最快;位于不同位置不同层位的测温孔降温速率不一致,其中位于92m深度的卵石层(C1^#测温孔)降温速率为0.54℃·d^-1,位于209m深度的砂质泥岩(C3^#测温孔)降温速率为0.9℃·d^-1;根据实测温度可以预测地层形成冻结帷幕的交圈时间、厚度、平均温度等冻结设计参数.深部裂隙岩体冻结温度实测资料对指导冻结帷幕设计与施工具有重要实践意义.     

冻融循环对固化污泥力学及微观结构特性影响

冻融循环作用会改变固化污泥工程特性,影响固化污泥堆体稳定及安全。在封闭系统下对固化污泥进行冻融循环试验,每经历一次冻融循环,就测定固化体的无侧限抗压强度、渗透系数等工程指标,并根据试验结果选取试样进行扫描电镜和压汞试验。研究结果表明：第1次冻融循环作用使固化污泥强度衰减30%,渗透系数增大80%,随后变化幅度逐渐降低;经过约6次冻融循环后,固化污泥强度衰减幅度高达50%,渗透系数增加约1个数量级,随后基本保持恒定,渗透系数的变化较无侧限抗压强度变化表现出微弱的滞后性。随着冻融循环次数的增加,固化污泥孔隙体积逐渐增大,固化污泥强度逐渐降低,渗透系数逐渐增大。在封闭系统下,固化体内部水分结冰引起的总膨胀体积恒定,固化污泥内部水分分布均匀。当冻融循环作用达到一定次数后,孔隙体积不再持续增大,只是在空间上重新融合分布,使各参数逐渐达到恒定状态。研究成果对寒区污泥固化填埋的安全处理处置提供技术参数和指导。     

Revision of thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls considering frost heave

This paper outlines development of the thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls in artificial ground freezing (AFG). A plain strain mechanical model coupled with infinite surrounding soil and rock ...     

Variability of atmospheric freezing level height derived from radiosonde data in China during 1958–2005 and its impact to cryosphere changes

Atmospheric air temperature data from 92 stations in China’s radiosonde network were used to analyze changes in the freezing level height (FLH), glacier snow line, and ice edge from 1958–2005 (48 years) and to examine the impact of these changes on the cryosphere. In general, the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge exhibited latitudinal zonation, declining from south to north. Trends in the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge showed spatial heterogeneity during the study period, with prevailing upward trends. Temporally, the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge trends differed on various time scales.     

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and Variations in the Near-surface Soil Freezing Days across China, 1956-2006

Using surface soil daily minimum temperature from 845 meteorological stations across China, the long-term (1971-2000) mean and spatial distribution of the near-surface soil freezing days were estimated with annual values of the number of near surface soil freezing days. The time series for the number of freezing days were constructed and compared with air temperatures in the same period.Resultsshowed that long term mean value in the number of the near surface soil freezing days increased with the increasing latitudes and altitudes over China. Near-surface soils were frozen for more than 200 days in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, northern Xinjiang and northeast of China. The boundaries of permafrost zones coincide with the contour of (220±10) days of near-surface soil freezing. Using the mean number of 15 days of near-surface soil freezing as criterion, we found that the southern boundary of seasonally frozen ground is around the 25°N line, and the regions south of 22°N are essentially unfrozen regions. The time series of the number of freezing days showed a significant linear trend with change with a slope of -0.22days/year over a period from 1956 through 2006. After the 1990s, the linear slope was up to -1.02 days / year, indicating that the rate of decrease in the number of near-surface soil freezing days has accelerated. Changes in the number of near surface soil freezing were in a negative correlation with air temperature, i.e., the number of near-surface soil freezing days decreases with increase in air temperature.Backgroundcolor represents the contour values of the departure of near-surface soil freezing days from the 1971-2000 mean; Black dashed line is the boundary of permafrost regions, red dashed line is the boundary between frozen and unfrozen ground regions in China     

外壁恒温条件下冻结管壁热流密度变化规律数值计算研究

应用相似理论将冻结温度场方程和参数无量纲化,然后建立无量纲的数值计算模型,研究了在外表面恒温情况下冻结管壁的无量纲热流密度与各无量纲影响参数间的关系.结果表明:无量纲热流密度随未冻土与冻土的导热系数之比线性增加,与冻土与未冻土的容积比热之比成线性关系,随无量纲结冰潜热线性增长,与无量纲盐水温度成线性关系;可表示为无量纲时间的负三分之一次方的线性函数.最后对167706次数值计算结果进行了回归分析,得到具有较高精度的回归计算公式.     

花椒品种抗冻性比较研究

秦安1号、油椒和大红袍是甘肃省花椒主产区的主要栽培品种。对其一年生休眠枝在不同低温（0～-40℃）处理不同时间（24～72 h）,通过测定相对电导率、超氧物岐化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量,对花椒品种休眠枝的抗冻性进行了比较研究。结果表明,各品种休眠枝的相对电导率和MDA含量从低到高均依次为:秦安1号＜油椒＜大红袍,品种间差异性均达到显著水平（P＜0.05）;SOD活性秦安1号略高于油椒,二者差异性虽未达到显著水平,但均显著高于大红袍（P＜0.01）;相同温度下,3品种休眠枝的相对电导率、MDA含量均随低温持续时间的延长而升高,大红袍休眠枝上升更加明显。SOD活性均随处理时间的延长而降低。引起各花椒品种休眠枝低温伤害的临界温度范围为-15～-20℃。从相对电导率、MDA含量和SOD活性的变化综合分析,供试的3个花椒品种中,秦安1号的抗冻性最强,油椒次之,大红袍抗冻性最弱。     

四排局部冻结法在上海地铁修复工程中的应用

上海地铁某修复工程,在完好隧道与破坏隧道连接段采用冻结法施工垂直封水挡土止水墙,取得圆满成功。利用现场监测数据,判别了冻结管是否漏盐水以及隧道内是否充填密实,得出了冻土壁温度场形成规律,计算出积极冻结期结束时间。在浦东隧道清淤排水、浇筑混凝土止水墙阶段,分析了各施工工序对冻土墙温度影响。分析结果表明,冻结法施工质量的好坏可由温度反映出来。通过合理布置温度监测点,采用信息化施工,掌握温度变化规律,可确保复杂工程冻结施工安全。     

上海人工二次冻融土无侧限抗压强度研究

随着上海地下空间的开发利用,冻结法越来越广泛地用于隧道建设中。为了避免冻结法施工中可能产生的地质灾害问题,有必要对上海软土地区的土体冻融过程中物理力学性能进一步地研究。通过对上海软土某工程3种不同的土样原状土、一次冻融土、二次冻融土进行不同状态下土力学试验,得到了土体在二次冻融循环作用下物理力学特征的变化规律。研究结果对隧道的设计提供了有价值的参考。