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51.
针对传统的边缘提取方法大部分不适应高光谱数据的特点,提出了基于光谱空间密度分析边缘提取的思想。在分组主分量变换提取第一主分量作为特征维的基础上,采用面向对象的二次判别边缘的方法,通过立体判决将光谱空间中低密度超椭球体集群视为真实边缘点集群。试验表明,此方法是合理可行的。 相似文献
52.
The time history of strong ground motion can be synthesized by empirical Green's function (EGF) method.Firstly a large seismic event is discretized into a series of subevents; secondly recordings of earthquakes with proper size and spatial distribution are chosen as time history (EGF) of those subevents; finally the EGFs are summated to get the time history of ground motion caused by the large event. 相似文献
53.
Correlation Fractal and Multifractal Characteristics of Seismic Activity in the Taiwan Area, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
XU Jiandong HUANG Jianf WEI Fuquan YAN Yunpeng LI Yaping LIN Chien-te Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing Chin Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province Fuzhou Fujian China China Aero Geophysical Survey Remote Sensing for Land Resources Beijing China Leader University Tainan Taiwan China 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(2):225-232
Based on the analysis of newly collected data of plate tectonics, distribution of active faults and crustal deformation, the Taiwan area is divided into two seismic regions and six seismic belts. Then, correlation fractal dimensions of all the regions and belts are calculated, and the fractal characteristics of hypocenteral distribution can be quantitatively analyzed. Finally, multifractal dimensions Dq and f(α) are calculated by using the earthquake catalog of the past 11 years in the Taiwan area. This study indicates that (1) there exists a favorable corresponding relationship between spatial images of seismic activity described with correlation fractal dimension analysis and tectonic settings; (2) the temporal structure of earthquakes is not single but multifractal fractal, and the pattern of Dq variation with time is a good indicator for predicting strong earthquake events. 相似文献
54.
Fractal modelling has been applied extensively as a means of characterizing the spatial distribution of geological phenomena
that display self-similarity at differing scales of measurement. A fractal distribution exists where the number of objects
exhibiting values larger than a specified magnitude displays a power-law dependence on that magnitude, and where this relationship
is scale-invariant. This paper shows that a number of distributions, including power-function, Pareto, log-normal and Zipf,
display fractal properties under certain conditions and that this may be used as the mathematical basis for developing fractal
models for data exhibiting such distributions. Population limits, derived from fractal modelling using a summation method,
are compared with those derived from more conventional probability plot modelling of stream sediment geochemical data from
north-eastern New South Wales. Despite some degree of subjectivity in determining the number of populations to use in the
models, both the fractal and probability plot modelling have assisted in isolating anomalous observations in the geochemical
data related to the occurrence of mineralisation or lithological differences between sub-catchments. Thresholds for the main
background populations determined by the fractal model are similar to those established using probability plot modelling,
however the summation method displays less capacity to separate out anomalous populations, especially where such populations
display extensive overlap. This suggests, in the geochemical data example provided, that subtle differences in the population
parameters may not significantly alter the fractal dimension. 相似文献
55.
为了探索复杂滑坡轨迹结构演化及其稳定性定量分析计算的新途径,本文利用分形分维理论,分析三峡库区巴东县城附近滑坡边界轨迹的几何分形结构,并采用盒维数法分别求得巴东县城附近11个滑坡边界轨迹的分维值,计算结果表明:每个滑坡的轨迹结构具有其特征性的分维值,轨迹结构越复杂,结构层次越清楚,分维值越高;其中,榨房坪滑坡和黄腊石滑坡的分维值最高,分别为1.50和1.483,西壤口和谭家湾滑坡的分维值最低,分别为0.925和0.732;而黄土坡和赵树岭滑坡的分维值介于二者之间,分别为1.111和1.091。结合典型滑坡边界轨迹结构演化与滑坡稳定性关系的定性分析及前期滑坡稳定性定量计算和模拟分析,初步揭示:滑坡边界轨迹结构与稳定性是密切相关的,滑坡边界轨迹宏观扩展增值越明显,轨迹结构越复杂,分维值越高,其稳定性条件也越差,因此,分数维可作为衡量滑坡轨迹结构复杂性和稳定性的重要标志;滑坡边界轨迹宏观扩展变形存在一个极限,超过这个极限滑坡的局部失稳就转化为整体滑动;而滑坡边界轨迹则记录了滑坡变形扩展现象和信息,因此,相对应地滑坡轨迹分形结构的分维值也应存在一个极值,在极值点滑坡体处于临滑状态;滑坡边界轨迹结构的极限分维值大致为1.4~1.5,此时滑坡接近于整体极限失稳状态,而分维值在1.1~1.3之间则表示滑坡处于整体稳定,局部存在潜在失稳状态,分维值小于1则表示滑坡处于相对稳定状态。 相似文献
56.
57.
Piecewise prediction model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events on the Loess Plateau,China 下载免费PDF全文
Yu Guo‐Qiang Zhang Mao‐Sheng Li Zhan‐Bin Li Peng Zhang Xia Cheng Sheng‐Dong 《水文研究》2014,28(21):5322-5336
Establishing a universal watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield prediction model represents a frontier field in erosion and soil/water conservation. The research presented here was conducted on the Chabagou watershed, which is located in the first sub‐region of the hill‐gully area of the Loess Plateau, China. A back‐propagation artificial neural model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield was established, with the accuracy of the model, then compared with that of multiple linear regression. The sensitivity degree of various factors to erosion and sediment yield was quantitatively analysed using the default factor test. On the basis of the sensitive factors and the fractal information dimension, the piecewise prediction model for erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events was established and further verified. The results revealed the back‐propagation artificial neural network model to perform better than the multiple linear regression model in terms of predicting the erosion modulus, with the former able to effectively characterize dynamic changes in sediment yield under comprehensive factor conditions. The sensitivity of runoff erosion power and runoff depth to the erosion and sediment yield associated with individual rainfall events was found to be related to the complexity of surface topography. The characteristics of such a hydrological response are thus closely related to topography. When the fractal information dimension is greater than the topographic threshold, the accuracy of prediction using runoff erosion power is higher than that of using runoff depth. In contrast, when the fractal information dimension is smaller than the topographic threshold, the accuracy of prediction using runoff depth is higher than that of using runoff erosion power. The developed piecewise prediction model for watershed‐scale erosion and sediment yield of individual rainfall events, which introduces runoff erosion power and runoff depth using the fractal information dimension as a boundary, can be considered feasible and reliable and has a high prediction accuracy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
ABSTRACTThe size and spatial distribution of loess slides are important for estimating the yield of eroded materials and determining the landslide risk. While previous studies have investigated landslide size distributions, the spatial distribution pattern of landslides at different spatial scales is poorly understood. The results indicate that the loess slide distribution exhibits a power-law scaling across a range of the size distribution. The mean landslide size and size distribution in the different geomorphic types are different. The double Pareto and inverse gamma functions can coincide well with the empirical probability distribution of the loess slide areas and can quantitatively reveal the rollover location, maximum probability, and scaling exponents. The frequency of loess slides increases with mean monthly precipitation. Moreover, point distance analysis showed that > 80% of landslides are located < 3 km from other loess slides. We found that the loess slides at the two study sites (Zhidan and Luochuan County) in northern Shaanxi Province, China show a significant clustered distribution. Furthermore, analysis results of the correlated fractal dimension show that the landslides exhibit a dispersed distribution at smaller spatial scales and a clustered distribution at larger spatial scales. 相似文献
59.
60.
分形分维理论在地质灾害发育及空间分布规律中的应用——以长安区滑坡、崩塌地质灾害为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
长安区区内地层岩性、地质构造多样,加之人类经济工程活动、降雨、地震等诱发影响,秦岭北坡及黄土台塬边缘滑坡崩塌地质灾害发育,是陕西省地质灾害较严重的县(区)之一。本文以长安区为研究区域,在对长安区自然地理及区域地质环境条件等资料充分收集的基础上,结合长安区滑坡崩塌灾害点的实际调查资料,详细分析了长安区的滑坡崩塌灾害发育特征及空间分布规律,并采用网络覆盖法,对长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害的空间分布进行了分形分维计算。求得地质灾害的空间分布分维值为0.876 6,反应出长安区滑坡崩塌地质灾害空间分布特性的复杂性。研究结果表明,分形分维理论能合理评价地质灾害空间分布特征,对类似地区的地质灾害空间分布特征分析具有借鉴意义。 相似文献