低阻覆盖层对高频大地电磁测深的影响

低阻覆盖层对电磁波具有屏蔽效应,会降低高频大地电磁测深的探测能力。通过一维正演模拟,对无低阻覆盖层时探测能力和有低阻覆盖层时探测能力的变化进行对比研究,表明有低阻覆盖时,探测能力普遍下降;在相同探测能力条件下,高频大地电磁测深可探测异常体上覆围岩厚度与异常体厚度的比值,和围岩与异常体电阻率比值呈线性关系。通过綦江县某铁...     

多重散射问题的改进算法以及双排非连续弹性屏障对水平向剪切波的隔离研究

与Aviles等学者的多重散射隔振理论相比较,采用更为完整的Fourier-Bessel函数系的级数展开表达式来研究弹性波入射下的多重散射问题。引入Graf加法定理,并结合位移和应力边界条件,推导了无限均匀弹性介质中任意分布的多个弹性圆柱体对于平面水平向剪切波(SH波)入射时散射系数的理论解析解。随后,取圆柱体分布于两条相互平行的直线上,则问题演变为双排弹性桩屏障对于弹性波的隔离问题。引入无量纲位移(屏障后土体总的位移与仅由入射平面水平向剪切波引起的位移的比值)和透射系数(屏障宽度范围内无量纲位移的几何平均值)的概念来研究屏障的隔振效果。重点讨论了双排桩间距h以及桩土的剪切模量比ξ对于屏障整体隔振效果的影响,阐述了双排桩屏障的隔振性状。特别地,当h=0时,该问题退化为常见的单排非连续屏障的隔振问题。     

正、反演结合对川东石炭系储层地震响应特征的分析

川东地区石炭系碳酸盐岩储层是油气勘探开发的重点及难点储层之一。该储层以厚度小且变化大、低孔、低渗、非均质特点强为特征；地震响应上表现为典型的薄层响应特点。这里综合考虑了石炭系储层和上覆梁山组地层不同的地质特征，建立了地质、测井分析控制下的精细模型及正、反演，探讨了檀木场气田石炭系储层的地震响应特征。其正演结果表明，梁山组地层对石炭系的地震响应具有重要的影响，时差较振幅更为敏感。在正演结论指导下，运用考虑了时差和梁山组地层的初始模型，获得了较高精度的反演结果。     

Study of the crust and mantle using magnetic surveys by Magsat and other satellites

Among the first measurements made from near-Earth orbiting satellites were measurements of the magnetic field. The sources of that field lie both within the Earth, in its core and crust, and in the surrounding ionosphere and magnetosphere. This article summarizes some of the methodology and results for studies of the Earth’s mantle and crust. Mantle conductivity studies can be made either by studying signals impressed on the Earth from outside, e.g., the ionosphere or magnetosphere, or by studying signals originating in the core and transmitted through the mantle. Crustal field studies begin with a careful selection of the data and subsequent removal of core and external fields by some sort of filtering. Average maps from different local times sometimes differ, presumably due to the remaining presence of fields of external origin. Several techniques for further filtering are discussed. Where large-area aeromagnetic maps are available, crustal maps derived from satellite data can be compared with upward continued data. In general, the comparisons show agreement, with some differences, particularly in and near the auroral belts. The satellite data are further reduced by various methods of inverse and forward modelling, sometimes including reduction to the pole (RTP). These techniques are generally unstable at the equator. Common methods of stabilizing the inversions include principle components analysis and ridge regression. Because of the presence of the core field, the entire crustal contribution from the field is not known. Also, there is a basic nonuniqueness to the inverse solutions. Nevertheless, magnetizations that are interpretable can be derived.     

SH波上方垂直入射时界面附近椭圆夹杂与裂纹的动态响应

采用Green函数、保角映射等方法分析SH波上方垂直入射时弹性半空间中椭圆形弹性夹杂与任意方位裂纹的相互作用。首先,求解含椭圆形弹性夹杂的弹性半空间内任意一点承受时间谐和出平面线源荷载作用时的位移基本解,即Green函数,再结合裂纹切割法构造裂纹,得到SH波上方垂直入射时椭圆夹杂和裂纹同时存在条件下的位移场与应力场。作为算例,给出大量的数值结果,探讨不同参数情况下弹性夹杂周边动应力集中系数（DSCF）、地表位移及裂纹尖端动应力强度因子（DSIF）的分布规律,结果表明不同参数的变化会对三者的分布带来一定的影响。     

探地雷达测量近地表含水量的研究

为充分验证探地雷达方法用于测量近地表含水量的有效性和可靠程度,基于探地雷达的反射波法,根据介电常数、电磁波传播速度和含水量三者之间的关系,着重分析了探地雷达反射波法用于测量含水量的相关理论和特点,设计了适用于高频雷达信号的速度分析算法,建立了用于分析该问题的局部含水层模型。利用FDTD方法模拟分析了不同测量方式下,局部含水层的探地雷达响应,借助速度分析理论及Topp公式,反演得到了研究区域的含水量。     

X-ray Raman scattering for structural investigation of silica/silicate minerals

We have performed X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) measurements on the oxygen K and silicon L absorption edges of four silica minerals: α-quartz, α-cristobalite, coesite, and stishovite. We have also calculated the partial electron densities of states (DOSs) and compared these with the XRS spectra. This study demonstrates that the short-range structure around the atom of interest strongly influences the XRS spectral features. Importantly, the oxygen K-edge XRS spectra are found to reflect the p-orbital DOS while the silicon L-edge spectra reflect the s- and d-orbital DOSs, even when a product of a momentum transfer and a mean radius of a electron orbit (1s for oxygen and 2p for silicon), Qr, is close to or larger than unity. Building on this, calculations of the partial DOSs for other silica phases are presented, including ultra-high-pressure phases, which provide a good reference for further XRS study of silica and silicate minerals. XRS measurements should be performed on not only either of oxygen or silicon but also on many kinds of constituent elements to reveal the structural change of glasses/melts of silicates under extreme conditions.     

基于球体层状介质模型的大地电磁正演

目前大地电磁测深法的一维正演理论,是基于平面波垂直入射水平层状介质的假设模型。但由于地球是一个球体,因此有必要研究基于球状介质模型的大地电磁正演理论。这里详细推导了基于球体层状介质模型的大地电磁正演公式,计算了若干理论模型。通过同基于水平层状介质模型的大地电磁正演结果对比,验证了正演公式的正确性。同时,指出当探测周期增加到上万秒时,阻抗相位会增大;而当探测周期增加到数十万秒时,视电阻率会减小。     

AutoCAD技术在道路工程施工测量中的应用

在道路建设中,通常分为几个标段同时施工,每个标段里一般包括路基及各种构造物,因此,施工测量任务十分繁重,由于全站仪在工程测量中的普遍应用,其极坐标放样功能使测量工作中出现错误主要为坐标计算错误,特别是具有记忆功能的全站仪,可以事先输入坐标,复核后再到现场放样。所以测量的主要工作就是根据施工图纸计算其各个部位的坐标,而如何快速、准确地计算坐标是关键所在。应用AutoCAD技术进行坐标定位计算,则可以做到事半功倍,并能取得良好的施工效果。     

直流电阻率法与工作面透明化

通过先进的勘探设备与技术实现综采工作面的透明化,使煤层信息更加全面、准确,可为综采工作面的智能化生产奠定坚实的基础。直流电阻率法是矿井物探常用方法,其稳定性好、抗干扰能力强,对低阻体和高阻体都有灵敏的反映能力,因此直流电阻率法是实现工作面透明化的关键手段之一。为探究直流电阻率法在工作面透明化中的应用效果,对工作面探明含水构造、巷道迎头超前探测等问题,分别使用不同的工作方法对两种问题的响应特征进行三维正、反演。结果表明在对应的工作方法下得到的三维直流反演数据分布规律与初始模型基本一致,有良好的高、低阻体区分能力。对实际工程中直流电阻率法在工作面透明化中的应用有一定指导作用。