Numerical analysis for random temperature fields of embankment in cold regions

The stochastic finite element equations for random temperature are obtained using the first-order per-turbation technique taking into account the random thermal properties and boundary condition, based on heat transfer variational principle. The local average method for 2-D is used to discretize random fields. Then, the random temperature fields of embankment in cold regions are investigated on condi-tion that the thermal properties and boundary condition are taken as random fields, respectively, by using the program, which is written by the methods. The expected value of temperature field and the standard deviation of the temperature field of embankment in cold regions are obtained and analyzed.     

无因次等孔隙体积配产配注方法研究与应用

为了改善注水开发效果差的情况,对无因次等孔隙体积配产配注理论改善注水开发效果的方法进行了研究。针对高30断块油藏,分别使用无因次等孔隙体积法和传统的kh值计算其合理配产配注量,接着采用油藏数值模拟进行了无因次等孔隙体积配产配注法和传统的kh法在该断块油藏注水开发的对比预测。结果表明,相比kh法,无因次等孔隙体积法使油田有效开发时间延长27年,采出程度由22．46％提高到27．94％,提高5．48％,增产原油19．88×10^4t。所以采用无因次等孔隙体积配产配注法比传统kh配产配注法更加符合油藏实际,使有效开发年限更长,最终水驱采收率更高。该方法可以为同类注水开发油藏的合理配产配注提供参考。     

考虑侧向变形的路堤沉降一维法计算修正系数研究

软土路基中三维固结效应以及路堤的应力重分布产生的水平推力,引起的侧向变形是不容忽视的。通过非线性有限元计算,分别给出了一般粘性土和软土的沉降修正系数式子,它们是在路堤高度及路基土体孔隙比之间直接建模的,主要适用于均质或近似均质的路基。实例计算表明：经过修正后,沉降一维计算结果基本上可考虑到土体的侧向变形,且修正后的沉降比较接近实测值,在工程上具有一定的参考价值。     

The Characteristics and Causes of Land Subsidence in Tanggu Based on the GPS Survey System and Numerical Simulation

Land subsidence is a severe hazard threatening Tanggu, a flat lowland area, and evidences of land subsidence can be seen throughout the city. A new reasonable GPS network was set up in this area from 2008 to 2010. The monitoring data show that land subsidence was serious and two main subsidence cones were obviously formed in the region. One emerged at Hujiayuan, with the maximum rate reaching 60 mm/a, and the influence region enlarged prominently from 2005 to 2010. The other one occurred at Kaifaqu, which became obvious only after 2005, and it showed a decreasing tendency with time. To analyze the causes of ground settlement, a correlation between groundwater withdrawal and land subsidence was firstly made. The results confirmed that over-exploitation of groundwater was the major cause for the severe settlement in Hujiayuan. Meanwhile, the subsidence of Kaifaqu was also related to groundwater withdrawal before 2005. However, the relationship became unconspicuous after 2005. To find the cause of this abnormity, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model, coupled with groundwater flow and subsidence, was built. The simulation results indicate that the subsidence induced by high-rise buildings is serious, but the affected range is limited and it also shows a decreasing trend with time, corresponding to the subsidence characteristics at Kaifaqu. Therefore, more attention should be paid to this hazard induced by engineering construction besides groundwater withdrawal, as more high-rise buildings are under construction in Tanggu.     

孤立金属尖端的电晕触发阈值

为了得到金属尖端在发生电晕放电时尖端处的电场强度,该文首先采用实验室实验得到不同高度、不同形状、不同材质的金属尖端发生电晕放电时的环境电场阈值;再采用有限元法计算二维泊松方程,得到尖端处电晕触发阈值,由此得出以下结论:环境电场阈值随金属尖端高度的增大基本呈线性减小趋势,随着尖端越来越尖,环境电场阈值呈先减小后增大的变化趋势;高度、形状对金属物尖端处电晕触发阈值无影响,尖端处电晕阈值为定值;给出尖端处电晕触发阈值为158.75 kV·m-1与空间分辨率的拟合公式,可为今后电晕放电数值模拟中判断电晕放电的起始时刻提供参考。     

面板对路堤式加筋土挡墙力学特性的影响

加筋土挡墙作为一种新型的轻型支挡结构,广泛应用于公路、铁路、港口等工程中。随着加筋土挡墙技术的发展,面板的类型也越来越丰富。利用Plaxis有限元软件,对路堤式加筋土挡墙进行了二维有限元计算分析。针对墙背水平土压力、垂直土压力、挡墙侧向位移、筋材应变和挡墙稳定系数等计算结果的分析,探讨了3种类型面板（返包式面板、整体式面板和拼装式面板）对路堤式加筋土挡墙力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,垂直和水平土压力的数值计算结果均小于理论值;相比较与其他两种面板的加筋土挡墙,返包式面板加筋土挡墙筋材的应变最大;面板类型对于加筋土挡墙的整体稳定性几乎没有影响。研究成果为实际工程的应用提供了理论指导。     

基于粒子群算法与混合罚函数法的有限元优化反演模型及应用

岩土工程优化反分析是一个典型的复杂非线性函数优化问题,采用全局优化算法是解决这个问题的理想途径。针对常规反演方法应用于岩土工程参数反演时搜索效率低的缺点,结合粒子群算法和遗传算法的特点,充分考虑二者的互补性,提出一种效率较高的全局优化算法,以测点的实测值与计算值建立一种新的评价函数,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题,用混合罚函数法将约束问题变为无约束问题,构建了一种新的目标函数,将有限元程序ABAQUS作为一个模块嵌入到优化算法程序中,编制了有限元优化反演分析程序。并给出了应用实例验证了该法的有效性和实用性,是一种可行的参数反演方法,可应用于实际工程中复杂岩土介质初始应力场反演、渗流场以及位移反分析     

钙质土中重力串锚水平承载力特性有限元研究

目前没有规范给出串锚的水平承载力计算公式,为了利用有限元法研究串锚水平承载力特性,采用相关理论计算以及室内试验的方法来验证有限元法模拟计算的可靠性。实践证明,有限元法具有较高的计算精度。利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立了串锚-土体模型,模拟串锚在水平荷载作用下破坏过程,研究了串锚在水平荷载作用下破坏机理,从而得到了串锚水平承载力特性。在相同的工况条件下,串锚的水平承载力与其锚链长度有关,在一定范围内,增加锚链的长度可以提高串锚的水平承载力;串锚的水平承载力不是相应的单个锚的水平承载力相加,其水平承载力小于相应的单个锚水平承载力之和,在进行串锚水平承载力设计计算时应给与相应的考虑。     

Controls on the morphological evolution of embayed beaches: Morphometry versus external forcing

The morphological evolution of embayed beaches on a microtidal coast is assumed to largely respond to the degree of exposure to wave conditions, decreasing the mobility with increasing beach indentation (and vice versa). However, the number of sediment arrivals at the beach or the impact of extreme storms can modify this relationship. Here, we present an analysis of 10 embayed beaches along the Catalan coast with different morphometric and sedimentary characteristics to identify the most relevant parameters controlling the morphological evolution of these embayed beaches at the inter-annual and decadal scales. The study was mostly based on LiDAR topographic data collected from 2012 to 2017, aerial photographs from 1945 to 2021, sediment sampling and a long-term series analysis of the forcing parameters (waves, sea level, precipitation and land-use changes). The results show a net loss of volume on all the studied beaches at an inter-annual scale and a general shoreline retreat during the last few decades, suggesting the influence of common processes on the evolution of the studied beaches. Smaller pocket beaches with medium-to-high indentations are more sensitive to changes induced by local factors and show higher variability in the volume of the emerged beach and shoreline position than larger beaches. The most relevant factors influencing the evolution of the studied beaches on a decadal scale were identified as changes in sea level and the reduction in sediment inputs provided by streams due to land-use changes in the drainage basin. At the inter-annual scale, the impact of extreme events is the main factor controlling beach behaviour. These general trends can be opposite locally for beaches that receive large amounts of sediment via longshore transport from adjacent beaches.     

沥青路面反射裂纹温度应力的数值模拟

考虑了沥青的黏弹性,结合传热学理论,通过有限元数值模拟研究了在温度场作用下反射裂纹的应力场,探讨了不同温度场及不同道路设计参数对裂纹温度应力的影响。研究表明,由于气温交替变化,基层裂纹附近应力大于沥青的抗拉强度,进而导致裂纹扩展到路面形成路面裂纹。提出了采用聚合物纤维土工织物阻裂方案,通过数值模拟验证了其有效性。