塔中地区构造应力场数值模拟研究

构造应力场研究对于油气运聚分析及储层特征描述具有重要的理论和实际意义.本文根据塔中隆起断裂特征及其演化史,结合钻井资料,选择中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩为主要研究对象,应用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS,在处理断层问题时运用非连续的接触算法,模拟了中奥陶世末、中泥盆世末、三叠纪末、新近纪末的构造应力场,研究了该区不同时期的古应力分布特征.研究表明,最大主压应力受东部车尔臣-星星峡走滑断裂影响显著,在隆起区沿断裂带呈条带状低值分布,在不同时期塔中Ⅰ号断裂带无一例外地位于最大主压应力的最低区,反映了塔中断裂带尤其是塔中Ⅰ号断裂带是油气运移的有利指向区.最小主压应力沿断裂带呈条带状高值分布,在断裂的上盘、断裂走向发生变化和断裂的倾末端是张应力高值区,为张裂缝发育的重要构造部位.最小主压应力和最大剪应力受车尔臣-星星峡走滑断裂的影响明显减弱.     

非结构网格生成法在二维潮流数学模型中的应用

文章基于Delaunay三角化的思想实现了非结构化数值网格生成技术,并LOP(Local Optimization Procedure)算法对网格进行了优化。用有限体积法在非结构三角形网格上对平面二维潮流方程进行了数值求解。实例应用分析表明,文中的数值网格生成技术和有限体积方法相结合用于求解具有复杂几何边界区域内的潮流问题能取得很好的结果。     

A high strain‐rate constitutive model for sand and its application in finite‐element analysis of tunnels subjected to blast

The paper presents a constitutive model for simulating the high strain‐rate behavior of sands. Based on the concepts of critical‐state soil mechanics, the bounding surface plasticity theory and the overstress theory of viscoplasticity, the constitutive model simulates the high strain‐rate behavior of sands under uniaxial, triaxial and multi‐axial loading conditions. The model parameters are determined for Ottawa and Fontainebleau sands, and the performance of the model under extreme transient loading conditions is demonstrated through simulations of split Hopkinson pressure bar tests up to a strain rate of 2000/s. The constitutive model is implemented in a finite‐element analysis software Abaqus to analyze underground tunnels in sandy soil subjected to internal blast loads. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of relative density and type of sand and of the depth of tunnel on the variation of stresses and deformations in the soil adjacent to the tunnels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弹道扰动引力的有限元逼近算法

为了克服多项式逼近弹道扰动引力的缺点，根据有限元插值的原理，采用了对弹道周围空间区域进行有限元剖分的方法，利用剖分单元各顶点的扰动引力分量内插出弹道点对应的扰动引力分量值。结果表明，文中提出的逼近算法能够快速精确可靠地逼近弹道扰动引力，是一种具有应用价值的方法。     

三维张量CSAMT响应特征研究

张量CSAMT(可控源音频大地电磁法)能完整地描述三维的地电信息,更适应复杂地质条件下的地质勘探。采用将总场分解为一次场和二次场的策略,用差分近似微分形成大型线性方程组,通过解方程组得到张量CSAMT三维正演结果。通过计算低阻和高阻目标体的响应,发现卡尼亚视电阻率和视阻抗相位对低阻体表现为低值异常,对高阻体表现为高值异常,视阻抗相位达到极值时的频率比视电阻率达到极值时的频率要高。张量CSAMT对低阻体比高阻体更灵敏,在同样条件下,高阻体的异常区位置相比于低阻体会上移。某工区的勘察案例表明,根据卡尼亚视电阻率异常能定性地判断地下异常体的存在,为解决地质类问题提供了依据。本研究为张量CSAMT三维反演提供了基础。     

圆形板基础下地基强度和变形非线性性状研究

采用Drucker弹塑性模型、SAP91非线性有限元程序、Vizi CAD微机有限元前后处理系统计算、分析了轴对称问题，即圆形板情况下，基础板几何尺寸、基础刚度、边界条件、基础埋深对基础沉降量、塑性区开展的影响，结果表明基础沉降随基础几何尺寸增大而增大，随基础刚度、埋深的增大而减小；基础刚度、几何尺寸、埋深的加大都能提高地基承载力。     

路堤下现浇薄壁管桩复合地基工作特性分析

现浇薄壁管桩和土工格栅加筋碎石垫层所组成的复合地基加固软弱路基具有经济合理，施工时间短，承载力高，沉降减小明显等优点。采用非线性有限元对路堤荷载作用下的现浇薄壁管桩复合地基的工作特性进行了分析，结果表明：在路堤荷载作用下，路堤填土材料中的拱效应、土工格栅的拉膜效应或加筋垫层的刚性垫层效应、桩土间刚度差异引起的应力集中效应保证了大部分荷载由桩承担，有效地减小了总沉降和不均匀沉降。同时对荷载传递机理的影响因素做了分析.     

Undrained lower bound solutions for end bearing capacity of shallow circular piles in non-homogeneous and anisotropic clays

The undrained bearing capacity of shallow circular piles in non-homogeneous and anisotropic clay is investigated by the lower bound (LB) finite element limit analysis (FELA) under two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric condition using second-order cone programming, and the new solution of the problem is presented. Modified from the isotropic von Mises yield criterion, a cross-anisotropic undrained strength criterion of clays under the axisymmetric state of stress requiring three input shear strengths in triaxial compression, direct simple shear, and triaxial extension is employed in the 2D axisymmetric LB FELA. Parametric studies on the effects of pile embedment ratio, dimensionless strength gradient, anisotropic strength ratio, and pile roughness are investigated extensively, while the predicted failure mechanisms associated with these parameters are discussed and compared. Numerical results of undrained end bearing capacity of shallow circular piles are summarized in the form of design tables that are useful for design practice and represent a new contribution to the field of pile capacity considering the combined effects of undrained strength non-homogeneity and anisotropy.     

An approach to the modeling of viscoelastic damage. Application to the long‐term creep of gypsum rock materials

A three‐dimensional phenomenological model is developed to describe the long‐term creep of gypsum rock materials. The approach is based on the framework of continuum damage mechanics where coupling with viscoelasticity is adopted. Specifically, a local damage model based on the concept of yield surface is proposed and deeply investigated. Among the many possibilities, we choose in this work its coupling with a generalized Kelvin–Voigt rheological model to formulate the whole behavior. Long‐term as well as short‐term relaxation processes can be integrated in the model by means of as many as necessary viscoelastic processes. The numerical discretization is described for an easy integration within a finite element procedure. Finally, a set of numerical simulations is given to show the possibilities of the presented model. It shows good agreement with some experimental results found in the literature. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

滑坡面下双排抗滑结构的计算方法研究

将道路桥梁水平受力多排桩计算的结构力学方法引入到双排抗滑结构的计算中。与其不同的是,滑动面以上存在滑坡体,而桥梁的最大冲刷线以上没有考虑这种土体的存在对滑动面以下m法的影响。提出了滑动面以下考虑滑坡体存在的两种新的m法,还对滑动面以上排桩间土体作用在前后排桩的土压力进行了试验和理论分析,给出了计算公式。同时,用有限杆单元法,对双排桩的连梁刚度和用文中提出的方法以桩梁连接方式进行了试验和理论分析得出如下结论：在满足不相互影响排桩间距的情况下,桩顶连梁与桩的刚度比不小于0.48是合适的,此时再增加连梁刚度无意义;桩梁连接为铰结时双排桩受力变形性质最差,刚结时受力变形性质最好;不论是单排桩还是双排桩,桩前（单排桩）和前排桩桩前（双排桩）土体需要开挖时应慎重,因为这种开挖对支护结构影响很大,造价增加很多;双排桩省钱,而且抵抗变形的能力强,值得在工程中研究和广泛应用