Holocene activity of the Scilla Fault, Southern Calabria: Insights from coastal morphological and structural investigations

Integration of on-land and offshore geomorphological and structural investigations coupled to extensive radiometric dating of co-seismically uplifted Holocene beaches allows characterization of the geometry, kinematics and seismotectonics of the Scilla Fault, which borders the eastern side of the Messina Strait in Calabria, Southern Italy. This region has been struck by destructive historical earthquakes, but knowledge of geologically-based source parameters for active faults is relatively poor, particularly for those running mostly offshore, as the Scilla Fault does. The  30 km-long normal fault may be divided into three segments of  10 km individual length, with the central and southern segments split in at least two strands. The central and northern segments are submerged, and in this area marine geophysical data indicate a youthful morphology and locally evidence for active faulting. The on-land strand of the western segment displaces marine terraces of the last interglacial (124 to 83 ka), but seismic reflection profiles suggest a full Quaternary activity. Structural data collected on bedrock faults exposed along the on-land segment provide evidence for normal slip and  NW-SE extension, which is consistent with focal mechanisms of large earthquakes and GPS velocity fields in the region. Detailed mapping of raised Holocene marine deposits exposed at the coastline straddling of the northern and central segments supplies evidence for two co-seismic displacements at  1.9 and  3.5 ka, and a possible previous event at  5 ka. Co-seismic displacements show a consistent site value and pattern of along-strike variation, suggestive of characteristic-type behaviour for the fault. The  1.5–2.0 m average co-seismic slips during these events document M_e  6.9–7.0 earthquakes with  1.6–1.7 ka recurrence time. Because hanging-wall subsidence cannot be included into slip magnitude computation, these slips reflect footwall uplift, and represent minimum average estimates. The palaeoseismological record based on the palaeo-shorelines suggests that the last rupture on the Scilla Fault during the February 6, 1783 M_w = 5.9–6.3 earthquake was at the expected time but it may have not entirely released the loaded stress since the last great event at  1.9 ka. Comparison of the estimated co-seismic extension rate based on the Holocene shoreline record with available GPS velocities indicates that the Scilla Fault accounts for at least  15–20% of the contemporary geodetic extension across the Messina Strait.     

珠江口盆地恩平凹陷断层封闭性评价

为了综合评价断层的封闭性,以珠江口盆地恩平凹陷新近系为例,通过实钻断层圈闭油藏的封堵规律研究,标定断裂带泥质含量、泥岩涂抹系数和断面正压力临界值,建立了适合勘探实践的断层封闭性评价的新方法。结果表明：断层油藏与断层涂抹量呈现出泥岩涂抹因子随深度逐渐递增的趋势;断裂带泥质含量与泥岩发育情况是断层能够封堵的先决条件,断层的封闭性受构造图精度、构造调整和控圈断裂断层活动影响。应用该方法能有效评价未钻断层圈闭油气保存条件,有助于提高断层圈闭的勘探成功率,可推广至具有相似构造成因和沉积背景的勘探新区进行断层封闭性分析,是勘探早期评价断层封闭性有效的方法。     

西藏中部的发震构造

西藏中部的发震构造是晚第四纪以来强烈活动的北东、北西和近南北向的活动断层及受其控制的地堑半地堑型盆地和拉分盆地，东西向缝合线和断层晚第四纪以来的运动性不明显，对地震活动没有明显的控制作用，活动断层的规模和晚第四纪以来的运动性质对地震的震级和数量有明显的的控制作用。８级地震的发生与拉分盆地内部张剪切断层与盆地一侧新活动幅度大的次级走滑断层的相互作用密切相关。     

Paleo-earthquake studies on the eastern section of the Kunlun fault

Introduction East Kunlun active fault is one of the largest sinistral slip fault zones in northern Tibetan Pla-teau. The fault tails primarily after the ancient eastern Kunlun suture zone, which was reactivatedby the northward subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate. The western end of thefault starts near the western flank of the Buxedaban peak in Qinghai Province. The fault then ex-tends eastwards through the Kusai Lake, Xidatan, Dongdatan, Alag Lake, Tuosuo Lak…     

基于InSAR形变数据分析台湾纵谷断层南段现今运动特征

本文利用2007—2010年花东纵谷南段区域的InSAR形变数据作为约束, 采用分段断层模型和层状介质模型, 反演中国台湾东部纵谷断层南段滑动速率空间分布, 并据此分析断层运动特征。 研究结果表明, 纵谷断层南段整体以逆冲运动为主, 兼具左旋走滑运动。 纵谷断层南段的滑动速率具有空间非均匀性, 在空间上可以细分为深浅两个极值区, 浅部(0~15 km)最大滑动速率为10 cm/a, 位于深度2.5 km左右; 深部(15~30 km)最大滑动速率为21 cm/a, 位于深度25 km左右。 反演结果与用重复地震估算的深部滑动速率基本吻合。     

The spatial characteristic of the short－term and imminent anomalies of waterradonbe┐foreearthquakeinthemainlandofChina

Ｔｈｅｓｐａｔｉａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｏｆｔｈｅｓｈｏｒｔ┐ｔｅｒｍａｎｄｉｍｍｉｎｅｎｔａｎｏｍａｌｉｅｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｒａｄｏｎｂｅ┐ｆｏｒｅｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｉｎｔｈｅｍａｉｎｌａｎｄｏｆＣｈｉｎａＸＵＥ－ＢＩＮＤＵ（杜学彬），Ｘ...     

跨越断层埋地管线地震反应数值分析

跨越断层埋地管线在地震中的破坏是非常严重的,地震本身和管土相互作用体系中都存在很多不确定性因素,所以管线在断层运动过程中反应比较复杂。本文利用有限元理论和数值模拟手段,建立了管土作用模型,采用非线性接触问题研究方法详细地分析了管线由断层运动而产生的反应,对影响管线的各种因素进行了分析,包括位错量、跨越角度、断层运动形式、埋设深度、初始轴向力、断层裂缝宽度、填覆土质和管径。通过研究,得到一些初步结论。     

CINRAD/SA天线伺服系统轴角箱多次故障的分析

轴角箱是CINRAD/SA雷达天伺系统中联系数字控制电路与机械电机的关键环节,它的故障造成雷达系统报警不断,方位环节故障将导致终端产品出现蜘蛛网状回波,俯仰环节故障则导致系统无法工作。为了降低轴角箱故障造成对雷达正常运行的影响,通过对广州雷达站前后出现的5次同类故障的综合分析,总结得出问题多出现在轴角箱的激磁电压环节,原因是由于天线罩温度高、湿度大,导致部分元器件出现性能退化。针对薄弱环节,采取相应的改进措施之后,问题得以彻底解决。     

Behaviour of a rupture of the 21 June 2000 earthquake in South Iceland as revealed in an asphalted car park

A major earthquake (M=6.6) occurred on 21 June 2000, in South Iceland. This paper presents an unusual example of left-lateral strike-slip displacement recorded in a newly asphalted car park surface through a mechanically consistent pattern of open fissures and pressure ridges resulting from simple shear and rotation. Measurement of these features allows accurate reconstruction of the local deformation. The behaviour of the asphalt layer resembles that of analogue physical models, especially in terms of rotations induced by shear deformation. It is finally shown that through a wide range of scales some basic patterns associating rotation and opposite senses of strike-slip exist in the South Iceland Seismic Zone.     

雄安新区牛东断裂带碳酸盐岩热储探测及其对地热勘探的启示

雄安新区在暂不考虑开采砂岩热储地热资源的前提下,探明碳酸盐岩热储东部边界断裂牛东断裂带的分布位置与地热资源品质,对新区地热资源开发利用规划的编制与整体能源利用布局均有着重要意义。以雄安新区高铁片区第一口碳酸盐岩热储勘探井D09孔的探测数据为依据,结合地震剖面解释成果,分析了牛东断裂带内碳酸盐岩热储的空间展布特征、储集层物理性质与单井产能参数,并简述其对地热勘探的指导意义。探测结果表明,牛东断裂带的碳酸盐岩热储主要为蓟县系雾迷山组含硅质的白云岩,分布在断裂西侧基岩宽缓背斜顶部,层状稳定,厚约2000m,顶板埋深1000~1200m,井口水温约70℃,单井水量约102m3/h。D09孔揭示,在距风化壳顶部678m的地层内共发育122个裂隙带,累计厚度达251.20m,裂隙发育率37%,平均孔隙度9.26%,裂隙发育率与平均孔隙度明显比断裂带外地热井高出50%。D09孔与牛东断裂带周缘地热井的地层地温梯度、地热水水化学特征、储集层导水系数等对比分析表明,垂直断距达7000m的牛东断裂带是一条导水导热的盆内隐伏型深断裂,其限定了雄安新区碳酸盐岩热储含水系统的东部边界,构成了西侧牛驼镇凸起的导水通道与东侧霸县凹陷油气运移的阻隔屏障,控制了牛驼镇凸起面积达1000km2的整装地热田的形成。