Plinian fall deposits from Vulsini Volcanic District (Central Italy)

Stratigraphic investigations of the Vulsini Volcanic District indicate the existence of five prominent plinian fall deposits, deposited over a period of about 0.34 Ma. The oldest deposit (Basal pumices) crops out mainly in the peripheral areas and is one of the largest plinian events in the Vulsini District, with a volume of about 9 km³ and a calculated column height exceeding 30 km. Subcircular patterns of isopachs and isopleths around the Bolsena lake indicate emplacement in wind-free conditions and suggest a source vent location in the northernmost sector of the present Bolsena lake, where it is possible that an older central volcanic structure existed. The four younger plinian fall deposits are related to Bolsena activity. The oldest of these, named the Ponticello and Orvieto-Bagnoregio pumices, are mainly distributed on the north-eastern sector of the Vulsini District. Their volumes are an order of magnitude lower than that of the basal unit, and the estimated column heights do not exceed 20 km. The younger Ospedaletto pumice deposit has a NE-SW dispersal axis, whereas the youngest Casetta pumice deposit is found only in the north-eastern sector of the district. Their estimated volumes are respectively 1.2 and 0.1 km³, whereas the inferred vent areas appear to be located slightly to the east of the Ponticello and Orvieto-Bagnoregio pumice deposit source areas. The chronology of the Ospedaletto and Casetta pumices indicates that the final plinian activity from the Bolsena complex is contemporaneous with the Latera activity. The decreasing volumes from the oldest to the youngest units, together with the progressive shifting northeastwards of the source vents, may be related to the volcano-tectonic subsidence of the Bolsena area. The source vents for the post-Basal pumices events are mainly clustered just north of Bolsena village where the greatest displacement during subsidence occurred. Accordingly, source vent shifting appears to be related to the progressive opening of normal faults from the inner to the outer margin of the Bolsena depression.     

秋季中低纬低频振荡传播与长江中下游的连晴、连阴雨

对1983年～1985年9月～11月份850hpa的经纬向风场进行了15d～25d的带通滤波分析。结果表明,110°E经向风低频振荡波存在阶段性地从南半球(北半球)越过赤道向北(南)传播,低频越赤道气流存在阶段性地明显向东、向西传播,它们在5天平均低频风场中表现为低频气旋、反气旋环流的周期性振荡变化,并都与长江中下游地区的连晴、连阴雨天气的时间分布相联系。     

Volcanic Hazard in New Zealand: Scaling and Attenuation Relations for Tephra fall deposits from Taupo Volcano

This paper is a first step in developing a probabilistic hazard model for tephra fall deposits in New Zealand. The database consists of measurements of tephra thickness and eruptive volumefrom 32 past eruptive events at Taupo Volcano. From these are derivedrelations for the mean and maximum tephra thickness as a function ofevent volume and distance from the vent, and for the area enclosed byan isopach as a function of tephra thickness and volume. Thedirectional effects due to wind do not vary appreciably over thevolcanic region of New Zealand. The main feature of wind velocity is aflow to the east that becomes more consistent at higher altitudes. Thelarger the eruption, the more the location of the deposit of maximumthickness (the centre of deposit) tends to be displaced to the east ofvent. A directional attenuation relation about the centre of deposit isderived from the Taupo data. This, in combination with arelation for the position of the centre of deposit relative to thevent, provides a means of estimating the probability of a giventhickness of tephra fall deposit being exceeded at any distance anddirection from the vent in an eruption of given volume.     

基于多摄像头监控的人体跌倒检测算法

人口老龄化使得空巢老人数量越来越多。跌倒作为威胁独居老人生命安全的主要因素受到了社会的广泛关注。为保护老人的生命健康不受威胁,本文提出一种基于计算机视觉的两级人体跌倒检测算法。从监控摄像机中采集视频数据,对其做前景提取,通过形态学操作为前景块绘制矩形边界,根据矩形宽高比从中筛选出所有可能是跌倒的行为,这是粗粒度级检测。之后再用统计学方法对第一级检测出的前景块绘制椭圆边界,分析其形态变化,最终检测出跌倒行为,这是细粒度级检测。本文在开源多摄像头跌倒数据集上进行了评估。仿真实验和与当前的先进方法的对比表明本文算法取得了非常好的效果。     

砂土一维循环压缩试验及在地下水库中的应用

通过砂土一维循环压缩试验,模拟了地下水位升降引起的含水层的压缩和回弹变形,分析了砂土竖向变形、孔隙率随循环次数的变化规律,提出了用孔隙降低率评价地下水位升降对地下水库库容影响的方法,得出地下水位的反复升降一般不会影响地下水库正常使用的结论。     

倾倒式岩质崩塌运动过程数值模拟分析

在延长县崩塌详细调查的基础上,采用数值模拟方法对倾倒式岩质崩塌运动过程进行了模拟,分析了其运动规律。根据崩塌的破坏形式和运动特点,将倾倒式崩塌的整个运动过程分为四个阶段：岩体原有节理的开裂变形阶段、岩体沿基座支点的倾倒运动阶段、崩塌体在一定初速度下的落体运动阶段、崩塌体的碰撞与堆积阶段。通过对倾倒式崩塌影响范围的理论计算结果、数值模拟结果和实际调查结果对比得出,数值模拟结果和实际调查结果基本一致,两者远大于理论计算结果,因此数值模拟结果可作为倾倒式崩塌的影响范围,可为崩塌灾害的防治提供科学依据。     

播期对不同类型水稻生长及产量构成因素的影响

通过分期播种,研究了不同播期对水稻生长和产量的影响.通过测定不同播期水稻抽穗期和成熟期的叶绿素、可溶性糖和氮的质量分数,分析不同播期对水稻生长的影响.结果表明Ⅰ期为两优培九和6两优9386最适宜播期,Ⅱ期为Ⅱ优084最适宜播期.播期对水稻单株穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重均有影响,尤其是对两优培九的结实率、6两优9386的每穗粒数有显著影响.研究结果可为合理利用南方气候资源、合理安排播栽播期、提高水稻产量提供理论依据和技术指导.     

特殊路径台风对人工增雨作业的影响

2002年9月下旬至10月初黑河地区森林大火时，对“海高斯”台风变性登陆后与地面系统相结合产生较大降水的卫星云图和雷达回波特征及特殊路径进行了分析，为飞机人工增雨作业提供科学依据。     

A new coring method in deep water

The need for accurate and undisturbed core samples has led to the development of this new coring method with controlled penetration speed (Angel Descent), to minimize the sediment shortening and deformation. The results of the last campaign are herein discussed, analyzing recovery/penetration ratio, acceleration data of the corer during penetration, and logs of magnetic susceptibility on the samples obtained using two different methodologies in the same location. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of the two sampling methods, to identify which system allows for less axial deformation of soils and less distortion of the structures, to obtain a geometrically unaltered sedimentary sequence.     

长江源头湿地消长对气候变化的响应

位于青藏高原腹地唐古拉山以北的长江源头区域,由于受直接人类活动的影响程度较小,因此,从气候变化与湿地消长关系的强弱程度上可以看出其中的关键信息,能更真实地反映气候变化对长江源头湿地的影响.据灰色系统理论分析发现,蒸发量对湿地总面积的消长相对其他气候因子更具主导作用,其次为降水量的影响,且夏季各气候因子对湿地面积消长的影...