Structure and development of the Andean system between 36° and 39°S

One of the main morphological changes along the Southern Central Andes occurs from 36° to 39°S. The northern portion is characterized by prominent basement structures and a thick-skinned orogenic front with relief of over 2000 m with a deep level of exhumation where more than 4 km of section has been eroded. Contrastingly, the southern part is formed by mildly inverted basement structures restricted mainly to the hinterland zone, which reaches only 1500–1700 m relief. We quantify the variable contributions of two main contractional stages through the construction of three regionally balanced sections across the Andes, constrained by field and geophysical data. Extensional re-activation described for this segment in late Oligocene-early Miocene and Pliocene to Quaternary times, after the two main contractional episodes, suggests only 3 km of stretching that represents 30–10% of the original longitude. We, therefore, conclude that while initial Late Cretaceous to Eocene compression was similar along strike (∼10–7 km), it is the contrasting degrees of Neogene shortening (∼16–6 km) that have played the largest role in the along strike differences in structure and morphology along this portion of the southern Andes. Variable Neogene arc expansion could be responsible for the contrasting contractional deformation: In the north, late Miocene arc-related rocks cover most of the retroarc zone (>200 km with respect to the late Miocene arc front in the south), presumably driven by a shallow subduction episode in the area, whereas to the south they remain restricted to the continental drainage divide. Other factors involving architecture of previous rift structures, are proposed as additional mechanisms that accommodated variable shortening magnitudes through inversion.     

九江地震台洞体应变观测环境影响分析

对九江地震台2008—2013年洞体温度年变化、气压上升、集中降雨、抽水和承压含水层卸载对洞体应变产生的异常进行统计,获得应变异常量级范围,建立洞体应变观测简单静力学模型。研究认为,九江地震台山洞线应变年变化由观测基线介质的温度效应引起,而气压、降雨、抽水和含水层卸载引起的应变变化则主要由山体附加应力决定。     

Periglacial microjointing and faulting in Weichselian fluvio-aeolian deposits

A Weichselian Late Pleniglacial fluvio-aeolian deposit has been investigated in the southern Netherlands. Three main structural lineaments have been distinguished: (1) very small, vertical platy structures (microjoints), in a parallel and a columnar configuration; (2) large joints and normal faults with minor displacement (‘Grubbenvorst type’), arranged in a conjugate fault-system; (3) large joints and normal faults (‘wedge-type’), located adjacent to ice-wedge casts. Since clay is absent, the occurrence of the vertical platy structures cannot be attributed to desiccation cracking. The vertical platy structures are interpreted as the result of thermal contraction cracking of a relatively thin layer, due to a sudden temperature drop. The large joints and normal faults of the Grubbenvorst type are the result of failure of the sediment due to the melting of the permafrost in the Late Pleniglacial, just before the formation of the Beuningen Gravel Bed. In other areas large periglacial convolutions have been formed during the same period. The normal faults and joints of the wedge type are more generally known. They are the result of failure of the sediment adjacent to a melting ice wedge.     

1992年AndreW飓风的中尺度特征

根据PSU-NCAR中尺度模式(MM5)对1992年Andrew飓风数值试验的高分辨率输出资料,分析了Andrew飓风的中尺度特征,研究飓风中的眼区、眼壁区及螺旋性雨带区不同的热力学和动力学结构.轴对称的物理量分布展现了眼壁区区别于眼区和螺旋性雨带区的动力学特征,非对称的物理量分布则表明眼壁区的强风暴天气发生在飓风的西北侧区域,揭示了飓风眼壁区的强倾斜上升气流与外围的螺旋性雨带具有不同发展机制的天气学概念模型.     

基于结构特征的地图信息识别与提取

叙述了基于结构特征的地图信息识别与提取的方法 ,讨论了收缩变换、扩张变换、细化、Hough变换、RLS变换和特征点提取等各种特征提取算法。     

Expansion and contraction of Chinese deserts during the Quaternary

Episodic dune formations during the Quaternary are found in many deserts of China.The causes of desert expansions on different time scales are not the same. Desert extension atabout 1.1 and 0.9 Ma ago were the response to the active tectonic movements, whereas the de-sert evolutions on the ten-thousand years time scale were the response to the orbital scale climaticchanges. Spatial scale studies on desert evolution indicate that desert margins shifted greatly dur-ing the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Holocene optimum, its changing from 125°E of theLGM to 105°E of the climatic optimum. Historical desertification in the semiarid China is not a re-sponse to climate drought but largely associated with the human impacts (mainly over-cultivation)since about 2300 years ago, which leads to the reworking of the underlying LGM sands.     

花岗岩球状风化的形成机理新析

花岗岩球状风化现象在自然界比较常见,其成因国内一般认为受三维裂隙控制,出露地表接受风化时,由于棱角突出,角部受三个方向的风化,棱边受两个方向的风化,而面上只受一个方向的风化,故棱角逐渐缩减,最终趋向球形。国外也有其他成因认识,如liesegang现象、卸荷载、微裂隙、体积膨胀、后期风化作用等莫衷一是。本文通过认真观察,对比分析,总结出球状风化形成机理即亲水矿物吸水及失水造成的膨胀收缩的结果。     

拱坝横缝影响及有效抗震措施的研究

大量研究结果和某些拱坝的地震震害表明，横缝对拱坝的地震响应有很大的影响。通过采用非光滑方程组方法以及考虑碰撞时刻动量、动能守恒来模拟横缝所引起的动接触问题，同时为了提高计算效率，采用隐-显式积分方法对坝-基系统的动力平衡方程进行求解。针对在拱坝中上部配筋这一抗震措施，也作了探讨。通过对小湾拱坝的分析，为高拱坝工程抗震措施的选择提供技术依据。     

In situ Observations on Contraction Behaviour and Diel Activity of Halcampoides purpurea var. mediterranea (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) in a Marine Cave

Abstract. The contraction behaviour of the sand-dwelling sea anemone Halcampoides purpurea var. mediterranea was observed in situ in a cave of the Penisola Sorrentina (Gulf of Naples). The circadian rhythm of activity of two specimens, together with migrations of mysidacean swarms in and out the cave, was studied with time-lapse photography.     

Simulated Sensitivity of the Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Replacement Cycle to the Ambient Temperature Profile

In this study, the impacts of the environmental temperature profile on the tropical cyclone eyewall replacement cycle are examined using idealized numerical simulations. It is found that the environmental thermal condition can greatly affect the formation and structure of a secondary eyewall and the intensity change during the eyewall replacement cycle. Simulation with a warmer thermal profile produces a larger moat and a prolonged eyewall replacement cycle. It is revealed that the enhanced static stability greatly suppresses convection, and thus causes slow secondary eyewall formation. The possible processes influencing the decay of inner eyewall convection are investigated. It is revealed that the demise of the inner eyewall is related to a choking effect associated with outer eyewall convection, the radial distribution of moist entropy fluxes within the moat region, the enhanced static stability in the inner-core region, and the interaction between the inner and outer eyewalls due to the barotropic instability. This study motivates further research into how environmental conditions influence tropical cyclone dynamics and thermodynamics.