WRF模式分辨率对新疆异常降雨天气要素模拟的影响

利用新一代中尺度气候数值模式WRF对中国西北干旱典型地区——新疆2000年10月的异常降雨事件进行模拟,主要研究了不同水平分辨率、垂直分辨率以及不同积云参数化过程对气温、降雨和土壤温度模拟的影响。结果表明：不同分辨率的模拟基本上均模拟出了地面气温的分布特征,且随着水平分辨率的提高,模式模拟能力显著提高,对地面气温值、分布范围的模拟渐趋合理,同时模式对于地形引起的温度分布变化的模拟更加趋近实际。水平分辨率、垂直分辨率的提高同样改善了模式对降水的模拟能力,分辨率的提高不仅改进了模式对降雨分布区模拟的精度,也增强了对于地形引起的降雨变异的模拟能力。在土壤温度模拟上,不同分辨率的试验均能模拟出土壤温度的分布特征,较高水平分辨率有利于描述土壤温度分布细节,但更容易出现“数值点风暴”现象。     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXTREME PRECIPITATION ANOMALY IN SOUTH OF CHINA AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE

Based on the daily rainfall datasets of 743 stations in China and the NCEP/NCAR monthly reanalysis data during the period of 1960–2003, the relationship between the anomalous extreme precipitation (EP) in the south of China and atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere is analyzed. The phenomenon of opposite changes in the sea level pressure and geopotential height anomalies over the Ross Sea and New Zealand is defined as RN, and the index which describes this phenomenon is expressed as RNI. The results show that the RN has barotropic structure and the RNI in May is closely related to the June EP amount in the south of China (SCEP) and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The positive correlations between the May RNI at each level and the June SCEP are significant, and the related simultaneous correlations between the RNI and the June SCEP are also positive, suggesting that the potential impact of RN on the SCEP persists from May to June. Therefore, RN in May can be taken as one of the predictive factors for the June SCEP. Furthermore, one possible physical mechanism by which the RN affects the June SCEP is a barotropic meridional teleconnection emanating from the Southern Hemisphere to the western North Pacific.     

中国极端天气事件与农业气象服务

本文综合论述了中国极端天气事件发生的类型及对农林牧业造成的影响,特别是随着全球气候变暖,极端天气事件频发,而且发生的种类越来越多,造成的损失越来越大,严重制约了中国的经济发展。中国各级气象部门针对当地不同的气象灾害类型及对农业、林业、牧业等生产产生的危害进行了全方位、多层次、多领域的服务,取得了明显成效。最后根据中国目前针对极端天气事件的农业气象服务中存在的问题提出了未来服务的新思路。     

1470-1912年西北东部地区极端干旱事件的复原及分形特征研究

通过对西北东部地区1470-1912年干旱灾害历史资料的搜集整理,根据干旱发生强度、持续时间、发生范围,定义了强旱事件,建立了极旱因子模型,复原了443年西北东部地区极端干旱事件,并根据时间分形原理,挖掘出极旱事件时间序列的分维特征。经过对比分析得到以下结论：建立的模型结果与记载结果具有显著的相似性;全序列旱灾时间分维值随极旱强度的增加而降低,与极旱发生周期呈反位相关系;各类别极旱有自己的时间重演律,极旱程度越轻,无标度区越宽,分维值越高,短周期比较明显。     

双星系统中大质量比致密天体质量四极矩对轨道频率的影响分析

极端质量比旋进系统是空间引力波探测器最重要的波源之一。对引力波的探测需要高精度波形模版。当前主流的极端质量比旋进系统引力波计算模型中,人们一般将小质量天体当作试验粒子进行计算,而忽略了其结构及自身引力对背景引力场的影响。利用MathissonPapapetrou-Dixon方程研究延展体在弯曲时空中的运动,以及小天体自旋和质量多极矩对引力波信号识别产生的影响。结果表明,质量比在10^-6～10^-4范围的旋进系统,其自旋达到很大时,自旋对延展体的轨道运动有不可忽略的影响;在质量比10^-4～10^-2区间内,需要考虑中心黑洞潮汐作用导致的白矮星形变;在质量比大于10^-4,且白矮星自旋很大时,其自旋产生的形变会对小天体轨道运动产生不可忽略的影响。大质量黑洞潮汐作用导致的恒星级黑洞或中子星产生的形变可以忽略,中子星和黑洞的自旋会对轨道运动产生不可忽略的影响,而自旋产生的四极矩对轨道运动不产生影响。     

Moisture Origins and Transport Processes for the 2020 Yangtze River Valley Record-Breaking Mei-yu Rainfall※

The summer of 2020 recorded a record-breaking flood due to excessive mei-yu rain falling over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV). Using the Lagrangian model FLEXPART, this paper investigates moisture sources and transport processes behind this extreme event. Based on climate data from 1979 to 2019, the air-particle (an infinitesimally small air parcel) trajectories reaching the YRV show sectors that correspond to five main moisture sources: the Indian monsoon region (IND, 27.5％ of the total rainfall), the local evaporation (27.4％), the Western Pacific Ocean (WPO, 21.3％), the Eurasian continent (8.5％) and Northeast Asia (4.4％). In the 2020 mei-yu season, moisture from all source regions was above normal except that from Northeast Asia. A record-breaking moisture source from the IND and WPO dominated this extreme mei-yu flood in 2020, which was 1.5 and 1.6 times greater than the climate mean, respectively. This study reveals a significant relationship between the moisture source with three moisture transport processes, i.e., trajectory density, moisture content, and moisture uptake of air-particles. A broad anomalous anticyclonic circulation over the Indo-Northwestern Pacific (Indo-NWP) provides a favorable environment to enhance the moisture transport from the IND and WPO into the YRV. In the 2020 mei-yu season, a record-breaking Indo-NWP anomalous anticyclonic circulation contributed to a higher trajectory density as well as higher moisture content and moisture uptake of air-particles from the IND and WPO regions. This collectively resulted in unprecedented moisture transport from source origins, thus contributing to the mei-yu flood over the YRV in 2020.     

STUDYING THE INTERCONNECTION OF GROUND AND SURFACE WATERS IN REPRESENTATIVE BASINS UNDER THE PROGRAMME OF THE INTERNATIONAL HYDROLOGICAL DECADE

Abstract

Four geoelectrical soundings were measured with a combination of Schlumberger and azimuthal or equatorial dipole electrode arrays on a Carboniferous limestone basin of the Condroz area, Belgium. The measuring technique is briefly outlined as well as the interpretation procedure, which follows a closed-loop scheme with control of calculated model curves. Some general problems of interpretation of geoelectrical sounding curves are tackled, as far as they have a practical bearing on the treatment of Condroz soundings.

The problem of determining the very high resistivity of limestone is approached through ARCHIE's formula, an empirical relation between the bulk rock resistivity, the porosity and the electrolyte resistivity. An evaluation of the latter two parameters, combined with electrical horizontal conductance measurements directly made on resistivity sounding curves, offers a possibility for fast determination of the total water storage in a limestone aquifer. Such storage determinations could be applied whenever an aquifer shows up as a conductive layer interbedded between two highly resistant layers (e.g. nonsaturated limestone and compact, non-fractured limestone).     

长江口极端增水非平稳变化特征研究

本文基于ADCIRC构建适用于长江口的台风暴潮模型,对1979–2019年间长江口台风增水过程进行数值重构;结合非平稳广义极值分布和状态空间模型,构建适用于刻画长江口极端增水非平稳变化的频率统计模型,研判非平稳变化引起的极端增水量值调整情况。结果表明,长江口各验潮站处极端增水的非平稳广义极值分布时变位置参数在2008年前表现为波动特征,2008年后呈现逐渐增大趋势。2008–2019年间各验潮站处极端增水时变位置参数的线性上升率介于0.8～1.2 cm/a之间。基于上述变化趋势,考虑极端增水非平稳变化时长江口各验潮站处百年一遇增水均大于基于平稳假定的推算结果,二者差值介于8～15 cm之间。经分析,2008年后北上到长江口附近海域再转向外海的热带气旋强度有明显增强趋势,致使长江口各验潮站处年第二和第三大值增水增大,这是导致各验潮站处风暴增水极值分布位置参数出现趋势性增大的主要原因。     

Application of statistical geo-spatial information technology to soil stratification in the Seoul metropolitan area

Typical geotechnical testing results reflect the level of soil uncertainty, which requires statistical corrections of the data for an appropriate engineering decision. This study proposes frameworks to detect outlying data points using statistical analyses, the cross-validation-based method and the generalised extreme value distribution-based method. The borehole data regarding soil depth distribution in a central area of Seoul, South Korea are assessed to validate the aforementioned methods for comparison with the distribution-based method and the Moran scatterplot method. The results show that the proposed methods enable more reliable spatial distributions to be achieved with a quantitative evaluation of local reliability.     

Influence of the Arctic on the Predictability of Eurasian Winter Extreme Weather Events

The linkage between the Arctic and midlatitudes has received much attention recently due to the rapidly changing climate. Many investigations have been conducted to reveal the relationship between the Arctic and Eurasian extreme events from the perspective of climatological statistics. As a prediction source for extreme events in Eurasia, Arctic conditions are crucial for extreme event predictions. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the Arctic influence on the predictability of Eurasian extreme ...