P波入射时含圆柱形空腔板弹性波散射与动应力集中

采用波函数展开法给出了板的横截面处孔洞在平面P波入射下动应力集中问题的解。本文使用大圆弧假定法来满足板中的自由表面的边界条件。数值结果表明,上表面和孔洞间的距离与下表面和孔洞间的距离都对结果有影响。如果孔洞半径相对板的厚度很小,解近似等于孔洞全空间解。所给出的解是半解析解。因此能被用来验证诸如BEM,FEM,FDM等数值法。     

天山北坡绿洲城市空间形态时空特征分析

借助GIS 软件支持, 综合遥感影像、地形图和其它空间数据, 提取天山北坡8 个绿洲城市 1990 年和2000 年建设用地图形信息, 计算1990 年和2000 年天山北坡8 个绿洲城市的平面轮 廓形状的分维数、紧凑度以及城市用地扩展类型, 讨论紧凑度与分维数的关系。研究结果表明, 天 山北坡绿洲城市形态总体特征表现为形状规则, 结构紧凑。1990~2000 年, 城市扩展类型主要为 外延型, 城市形态分维数增加, 紧凑度降低, 城市外部形态趋于复杂化和不规则化, 而内部结构趋 于松散化, 与同时期我国大部分城市的用地扩展方式有所不同。同时, 天山北坡绿洲城市形态特 征描述参数间存在着明显的幂函数关系, 并且是一种线性负相关关系, 即随着分维数的增加, 紧 凑度呈递减的趋势。     

湖相细粒岩二级指标划分法岩相分类及其应用实例

采用细粒沉积岩宏观观察刻画与显微刻画的方法,探索基于湖相细粒沉积纹层类型及其结构特征作为关键指标的细粒岩岩相成因.提出了湖相细粒岩岩相的划分指标和原则,即以细粒沉积纹层作为细粒岩岩相划分的重要指标.用两级核心指标作为划分湖相细粒岩岩相及亚类的依据,分为一级指标和二级指标.一级指标为岩石组成类型,分为泥质岩类、灰岩类以及...     

长江经济带建设用地扩张与经济增长关系及区域差异

基于长江经济带11个省份2002—2014年的面板数据,运用空间计量生产函数模型对建设用地扩张与经济增长的关系及区域差异进行研究。结果表明:长江经济带经济增长具有显著的空间正相关性,空间效应估计结果表明空间误差模型能够很好拟合样本数据的特征,传统回归模型存在局限;建设用地投入对经济增长具有促进作用,但贡献程度小于资本和劳动力,投资驱动仍然是目前经济增长的主要方式;分区域看,上游地区建设用地要素投入对经济增长的贡献最大,中游地区次之,下游地区最小,主要原因是各区域的经济发展水平不同。鉴于土地要素对经济增长的贡献差异,提出合理引导建设用地扩张和维持经济持续健康发展的差异化政策建议。     

春季长江冲淡水在口门外海域逐月变化及其影响因素分析

利用2015年4、5、6月在长江口外开展综合海洋调查获取的实测数据,分析春季口门外海域长江冲淡水（Changjiang diluted water,CDW）时空分布特征及扩散过程,并结合同期的多源环境观测数据,探讨各环境动力因素对春季长江冲淡水分布的影响,深化对冲淡水在口门外海域扩展及其动态变化的认识。观测结果显示,2015年春季长江冲淡水的扩散范围逐月增大,主体最远可到达123°E以东海域,其逐月变化主要受控于口外水文气象环境。长江径流量大小决定了冲淡水出口门后的分布范围以及表层水盐度,风向则控制冲淡水的扩展态势。在风场与径流的共同作用下,春季口门外海域长江冲淡水的扩散呈现三种模式：4月份的顺岸南下型（冬季型）、5月份的东北转向型（过渡型）和6月份的东南-东北双向分支型（夏季型）。春季台湾暖流深层水已到达长江口外海域,与表层冲淡水层相互作用较弱,但随着上升流的逐月增强,其与上层低盐冲淡水之间的跃层效应愈发显著,一方面抑制长江冲淡水的向下扩展,同时上升流的涌升也减薄了冲淡水的厚度。再悬浮泥沙向上扩散的厚度显示出春季潮混合过程难以影响至表层,但在大潮情况下,水位波动变化更为剧烈,使外海高盐海水向陆上溯更远,导致5月份12250E断面的水体盐度整体相对较高。     

Perfectly matched layer boundary conditions for the second-order acoustic wave equation solved by the rapid expansion method

We derive a governing second-order acoustic wave equation in the time domain with a perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition for general inhomogeneous media. Besides, a new scheme to solve the perfectly matched layer equation for absorbing reflections from the model boundaries based on the rapid expansion method is proposed. The suggested scheme can be easily applied to a wide class of wave equations and numerical methods for seismic modelling. The absorbing boundary condition method is formulated based on the split perfectly matched layer method and we employ the rapid expansion method to solve the derived new perfectly matched layer equation. The use of the rapid expansion method allows us to extrapolate wavefields with a time step larger than the ones commonly used by traditional finite-difference schemes in a stable way and free of dispersion noise. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the proposed perfectly matched layer scheme, numerical modelling examples are also presented. The numerical results obtained with the put forward perfectly matched layer scheme are compared with results from traditional attenuation absorbing boundary conditions and enlarged models as well. The analysis of the numerical results indicates that the proposed perfectly matched layer scheme is significantly effective and more efficient in absorbing spurious reflections from the model boundaries.     

Damage sequence and safety margin assessment of expansion joints by shake table testing

The performance of nonstructural components has attracted attention, and previous large earthquakes have resulted in widespread damage to expansion joints. In contrast to the main structural components, for which ductility beyond the design tolerance is ensured, the safety margin of nonstructural components classified as the product of mechanical engineering, such as expansion joints, is uncertain. This paper investigates the damage sequence and safety margin of expansion joints through shake table testing. The expansion joints were installed to connect 2 rigid steel frames with short and long natural periods. Four commonly used types, high-performance and standard-performance floor and wall expansion joints, were tested. Seven damage patterns of the 4 expansion joints were observed, and most of the damage patterns were considered displacement dependent. The damage mechanisms and relative displacements at the moment of damage were identified by using strain gauges attached near collision and damage locations. The high-performance expansion joints showed only minor damage beyond the design motion range, whereas the standard-performance expansion joints exhibited minor damage below the design motion range and failure at the design motion range or slightly beyond. For each damage state, repair information was obtained through a questionnaire to an expansion joint manufacturer, and the sum of the initial cost and repair cost for high-performance and standard-performance expansion joints was compared. The results will be useful for the selection of expansion joints in the design process.     

基于软化拉-压杆模型的RC空间边节点抗剪承载力计算方法

实际地震作用是多维的、随机的,框架节点在2个方向同时受力,其抗震能力相比于单向地震作用会降低。目前,对节点核心区在2个方向同时受力时抗剪承载力的研究尚未完善。在双向受力下,节点核心区2个方向传来的剪力形成合剪力作用面,在节点核心区内部形成不同于单向受力下的斜向斜压杆。本文基于软化拉-压杆模型,针对水平双向受力相同的空间边节点,在合剪力作用面内建立抗剪承载力计算模型,确定空间边节点核心区斜压杆以及钢筋拉杆的计算方法。利用有限元软件建立不同参数空间边节点模型,并收集部分空间节点试验数据,将剪力计算值与模拟值或试验值进行对比。结果表明,基于软化拉-压杆模型建立的双向受力下钢筋混凝土框架,其边节点抗剪承载力计算值与模拟值或试验值吻合良好。     

基于多源数据的城市建设用地扩张时空特征分析——以佛山市顺德区为例

随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市建设用地规模进一步增加,同时带来交通拥堵、环境污染、绿地减少、城市热岛等城市问题。本文综合利用2015年地理国情普查数据、2011和2013年遥感数据,通过建立城市扩张强度指数,运用统计分析、空间聚类等方法,确定了顺德区建设用地在过去4年间年均增长率为1.8%,其中新城区的年均增长率超过14%;此外还发现主城区的扩展模式主要为填充式扩展,其中大良街道和勒流街道主要为工业园区的扩展,伦教街道主要为中央公园的扩展,容桂街道主要为物流园的扩展。