Characteristics of eigen-system for flexural gravity wave problems

For a class of boundary value problems associated with flexural gravity waves, characteristics of the eigen-system are analysed which are used to study the convergence of the expansion formulae in both cases of single and two layer fluids in water of finite and infinite depths. Using Green’s function technique, the spectral representations of the vertical eigenfunctions are obtained which are used along with the orthogonal mode-coupling relations to prove the convergence of the expansion formulae. Using the expansion formulae flexural gravity wave scattering due to multiple articulations in the presence of compression are investigated. The problem is studied in both the cases of single-layer and two-layer fluids in finite water depth. Effects of compressive force, stiffness of the connectors, length of the elastic plates and water depth, position of interface on wave scattering by articulated plates are studied by analysing the reflection and transmission coefficients. This procedure of proving the convergence of expansion formulae is independent of water depth. The concept and methodology for dealing with wave-structure interaction problems discussed here can be generalised to deal with problems of similar nature arising in the broad area of mathematical physics and engineering.     

前板可旋转的双垂板结构水动力特性的理论研究

振荡水柱波能转换装置的最大转换效率往往受到腔内水柱共振机制的直接影响。通过对装置的基本结构进行简化,提出了一种前墙可绕固定轴旋转的双垂板式结构系统,旨在通过前墙的旋转运动进一步加剧水柱的振荡,从而对腔内水柱的共振机制进行调节和控制。基于线性波理论,采用匹配特征函数展开法对波浪与双垂板结构的相互作用进行理论研究,针对流场在结构物尖角附近的奇异性特征,将公共界面上的速度分布基于切比雪夫多项式近似展开,并应用区域间的速度与压力连续条件进行求解。通过分析结构的几何参数对反射透射系数、平均波面高程、前墙旋转振幅以及前墙与水面间相位差的影响,深究其共振机理,为振荡水柱波能转换装置的效率优化机制提供理论依据。结果表明,在所研究的波浪频率范围内,前墙的自由旋转运动会加剧板间的平均波面高程,应用于波浪能转换装置中能进一步拓宽高效频率带宽。     

2017年四川九寨沟7.0级地震前地震应变场分析

以地震应变场作为地震活动的变量,通过自然正交函数展开方法,计算2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级地震前的地震应变场,提取出震前时间因子的异常变化。计算结果发现应变场前4个时间因子在震前1~3年的中短期异常并不显著,只有第2个和第4个时间因子震前有小幅度的异常变化,分析其原因,时间因子可能受到2008年汶川8.0级地震和2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震前大幅度异常的影响。与时间因子对应的空间等值线形成局部应变高值异常危险区,可能是2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震和2017年九寨沟7.0级地震空间异常的中短期特征。再对比九寨沟7.0级地震前后与松潘-平武7.2级双震的空间异常随时间演变,分析异常发展变化模式的差异,最后应用地震资料的累积频次从物理角度解释异常形成的机制。     

岩石膨胀性试验注意事项探讨

从室内试验的角度来探讨几类工程勘察中岩石常用膨胀性试验(自由膨胀率、膨胀力、侧向约束膨胀率、耐崩解)的注意事项,从野外取样、标准样品制取、试验操作、方法选择等方面进行了论述,力求减小试验误差,提高膨胀岩的试验水平,保证试验结果的准确性,并使膨胀岩膨胀性指标的测定方法更臻完善。     

Polynomial chaos expansion and response surface method for nonlinear modelling of reference evapotranspiration

The feasibility of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) and response surface method (RSM) models is investigated for modelling reference evapotranspiration (ET₀). The modelling results of the proposed models are validated against the M5 model tree and multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) methods. Two meteorological stations, Isparta and Antalya, in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, are inspected. Various input combinations of daily air temperature, solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity are constructed as input attributes for the ET₀. Generally, the modelling accuracy is increased by increasing the number of inputs. Including wind speed in the model inputs considerably increases their accuracy in modelling ET₀. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), agreement index (d) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) are used as comparison criteria. The PCE is the most accurate model in estimating daily ET₀, giving the lowest MAE (0.036 and 0.037 mm) and RMSE (0.047 and 0.050 mm) and the highest d (0.9998 and 0.9999) and NSE (0.9992 and 0.9996) with the four-input PCE models for Isparta and Antalya, respectively.     

倾角函数展开及其在分析法轨道预报中的应用

田谐项摄动是分析法轨道预报中的重要部分,其中包含大量倾角函数及其偏导数的计算.由于具有精度更高、速度更快的优点,倾角函数一般通过递推方法计算.以文献中提出的改进Gooding方法为基础,将其给出的程序稍加改进,在计算2–50阶倾角函数时缩短了约24%的计算时间.考虑到分析法预报过程中轨道平倾角变化很小,以泰勒展开式计算倾角函数,可极大提高计算速度,较大程度地减小分析法预报耗时,且引力场阶次越高,减小幅度越大,取50阶时预报耗时缩短了48%.另一方面,以2阶展开式计算倾角函数时,与改进Gooding法相比,分析法预报星历偏差很小.对于500 km高度的低轨卫星,分别以改进Gooding法和2阶泰勒展开式计算倾角函数,预报3天,当地球引力场阶次不高于50时,二者预报星历偏差RMS (Root Mean Square)低于1 mm,且随着轨道高度的增加,预报星历偏差RMS逐渐减小.     

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Pile driving by numerical cavity expansion

A cavity expansion procedure for the simulation of pile driving is presented and assessed in this paper. The analysis uses a non-linear finite-element model and the penetration of the pile into the soil is simulated by a radial opening of the soil around the pile. The case of a pile advanced by expansion will be compared to a similar pile subjected to computational driving (referred to, respectively, as ‘expanded’ and ‘driven’ piles for convenience). The state of stress and deformation, and the evolution of pore-water pressure in the soil will be monitored for the expanded and driven piles. Further computational driving will be applied to both cases and the pile response and soil resistance will be compared. The computational cost of advancing the pile by expansion will finally be investigated. Copyright © John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

衬砌隧道中移动轴向激励作用下两相多孔介质动力响应

为了研究衬砌隧道中地铁振动在饱和地层中的传播情况,采用移动轴向激励模拟技术,建立了隧道-衬砌-两相介质的动力分析模型;利用波函数展开法、傅里叶变换法等,推导了频域内衬砌隧道移动轴向激励作用下两相多孔介质动力响应的解析解,并给出了两相多孔介质临界速度的经验公式;通过离散快速傅里叶逆变换得到了时-空域内两相介质的动力响应。结果表明：无衬砌隧道中移动的轴向常激励作用下,两相介质临界速度只与介质的剪切模量和密度有关,且数值接近其剪切波速的1.1倍;对于衬砌隧道,介质的临界速度随着衬砌剪切模量的增大而增大,随着衬砌密度的增大而减小,衬砌对振动向介质中的传播有一定的削弱作用,衬砌剪切模量与介质剪切模量相差越大,削弱越明显;动力响应频率越接近激振频率,其幅值越大,所对应的临界速度越小。     

硫酸盐渍土含水率单次递减条件下的盐胀特性

为探究硫酸盐渍土在含水率递减下的盐胀特性,通过自主设计的试验装置,在室内开展了11组含水率单次递减下的盐胀试验,共历时2 868 h。结果表明：在含水率单次递减下硫酸盐渍土的起胀含盐量约为1.2%。含盐量<1.2%时,土体干缩,干缩量与含盐量近似呈下凸的二次抛物线规律,且干缩峰值含盐量约为0.5%;含盐量≥1.2%时,土体膨胀,且盐胀率与含盐量近似呈线性增大规律。盐胀敏感含水率区间受含盐量影响很小,含盐量从1.5%增至4.0%,盐胀敏感含水率区间基本稳定。此外,含水率递减速率与含盐量呈负相关规律,同一含盐量的硫酸盐渍土,其含水率的递减速率随含水率的降低亦减慢。基于以上试验结果,进一步开展了4组单次降温下的盐胀对比试验,结果表明：含盐量升高时,起胀温度区间逐渐升高,盐胀敏感温度区间的区间范围逐渐扩大。单次降温下的盐胀率均高于含水率单次递减下的盐胀率,且随着含盐量的升高两试验条件下的盐胀率差值趋于一常数。研究结果对西北地区高含盐量的残余型硫酸盐渍土地基的盐胀性评价具有重要指导意义。