智慧城市时空信息云平台评价指标体系研究

为明确评估在开展智慧城市时空信息云平台建设过程中城市相关智能化能力的保障水平及建设带来的实际成效,以及为开展智慧城市建设工作提供依据,本文依据《国家智慧城市评价指标体系》及其对部门评价指标建立的要求,研究并提出了智慧城市时空信息云平台建设评价指标体系的总体框架和评价要素,在试点城市进行了评分试验;并根据试验结果进行了指标的修订和完善,以引导和推动城市有目的、有计划、有步骤地开展智慧城市时空信息云平台建设。     

大前石岭隧道进口岩堆体的稳定性分析评价

大前石岭隧道进口岩堆发育,覆盖层较厚,岩堆边坡表观上处于稳定状态,但在施工作业等人为作用以及外界环境扰动（如降雨、爆破等）作用下岩堆极易失稳。基于现状岩堆发育特征,分析隧道进口岩堆体失稳机理,从定性和定量的角度,给出现状和施工2种工况下隧道进口岩堆的稳定性评价,同时分析对路基、隧道等工程造成的危害,并给出处理措施建议,以保证隧道施工、线路运营的安全性,为工程建设中岩堆体诱发地质灾害的防治提供参考与借鉴。     

北京通州某改造区土壤中DDTs和HCHs的地球化学特征及风险评价

选取北京通州环球影城附近某改造区为研究区域,共采集15件表层土壤样品,主要分析了该地区土壤中DDTs和HCHs的空间分布地球化学特征;采集垂向样品,并分析了DDTs和HCHs在土壤垂向剖面中的分布情况。表层土壤样品中大部分的DDTs和HCHs有检出,ΣDDTs的残留量为494~19615 μg·kg-1,ΣHCHs为082~1021 μg·kg-1。土壤垂向剖面分析结果表明,DDTs部分有检出,两剖面中残留量整体随深度变化不明显,但局部出现突变现象;HCHs全部检出,两剖面中残留量整体随着深度增加不断减少。参照国家相关标准对该区土壤环境整体进行评价,初步分析通州区环球影城地区土壤中残留DDTs除个别点符合二级标准外,其余都处于一级标准,残留风险较低;土壤中残留HCHs基本符合一级标准。结合不同异构体之间含量特征及分布,认为该地区局部近期可能存在HCHs输入现象。最后,对该改造区进行了健康风险评价,结果表明该区DDTs和HCHs在致癌风险和部分非致癌风险方面影响较小。     

Research Advances of Coastal Ecological Carrying Capacity Evaluation Based on Sustainable Projects Plan

Coastal area is the region with the highest degree of economic and social development and the largest ecological stress in current China, where the proportions and the spatial patterns of developed coastal resource and environment are determined by projects planning. Ecological carrying capacity evaluation is the necessary prerequisite for sustainable utilization of natural resources and protecting ecological environment to ensure healthy and sustainable economic and social development to project planning. Based on the pressure types of projects planning on resources and environment, the concept and contents of coastal ecological carrying capacity were redefined for enhancing the practical value of ecological carrying capacity evaluation. The domestic and foreign research progress and advances related with coastal ecological carrying capacity evaluation were reviewed, which included habitat suitability evaluation, suitability assessment of construction land development, reclamation suitability evaluation and assessment of sea water environmental capacity. The conclusion noted that domestic research of coastal ecological carrying capacity needs to build a complete system of ecological carrying capacity evaluation methodology based on extensive reference to foreign research results, and quantitative evaluation and spatial visualization research related with coastal ecological carrying capacity should be carried out to provide strong support for ecological civilization process of economy and society in coustal areas.     

基于Gauss-Listing大地水准面定义的地球重力场模型评价方法

提出一种基于Gauss-Listing大地水准面经典定义的地球重力场模型评价方法。该方法依据经典大地水准面为重力等位面的特性,选取某大地水准面为参考面,计算不同地球重力场模型在该参考面上的重力位标准差,以此作为不同模型相对优劣的评价指标。利用该方法对不同地球重力场模型以及同一重力场模型在不同区域的精度进行评价,结果表明,EGM96模型、 OSU91A模型的大地水准面精度分别为±11.1 cm、±14.3 cm,EGM2008模型、EIGEN-6C4模型分别为±8.8 cm、±8.9 cm,说明后2个模型的精度相当,且优于前2个模型。该模型评价方法的研究结果显示,对于某全球大地水准面,EGM2008模型和EIGEN-6C4模型的大地水准面精度分别为±11.3 cm和±14.1 cm,即在cm级精度上EGM2008模型略优。     

模糊数学在海（咸）水入侵水质评价中的应用—以寿光地区为例

运用模糊数学的基本思想方法,结合海(咸)水入侵的特点,依据寿光地区2015年丰水期地下水水质监测结果,选取Cl-、矿化度、咸化系数、钠吸附比等4项水化学指标作为评价因子,构建模糊综合评价数学模型,对寿光海(咸)水入侵现状进行了模糊综合评价,并验证了此模糊综合评价结果的可靠性。     

全国山洪灾害调查评价成果及规律初探

山洪灾害调查评价是1949年来水利行业最大的非工程措施项目,是规模最大的全国性防灾减灾基础信息普查工程,历时4年,涉及全国30个省305个市2138个防治县（区）,国土面积755万km²,人口近9亿。运用普查、详查、外业测量、分析计算等多种手段,掌握了中国山洪灾害防治区范围、人员分布、下垫面条件、社会经济、历史山洪灾害等基本情况,科学分析了山丘区小流域的暴雨洪水特性,评价了现状防洪能力,计算了预警指标,划定了危险区,为山洪灾害预警预报和应急救援决策提供了基础信息支撑。本文系统介绍了全国山洪灾害调查评价的核心要点,综述了调查评价成果,归纳了调查评价成果要素类型,揭示了全国山洪灾害防治区、人口、历史山洪灾害事件与预警能力的空间分布一致性,即山洪灾害各要素集中分布于青藏高原-四川盆地过渡带、川滇交界地区、黄土高原区、东部沿海地区及华北等地区,最后初步探讨了该成果的应用前景。全国山洪灾害调查评价成果将为中国山洪灾害监测预警预报体系建设及防灾减灾能力提升提供丰富的基础数据支撑。     

基于时-空ETAS模型给出的川滇地区背景地震活动和强震潜在危险区

利用基于时-空传染型余震序列（Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence, 简称ETAS）模型的随机除丛法,重新审视了2008年5月12日汶川M_S8.0地震前可能存在的长期地震活动异常,研究了川滇地区背景地震活动特征,并评估了当前的强震危险状态.对川滇地区1970年以来的M_L3.0以上的背景地震和丛集地震活动的研究结果表明,该地区地震丛集特征明显、时空分布很不均匀、地震序列常有前震事件.直接将概率值作为地震计数的权重,对地震丛集率空间分布图像分析表明,汶川M_S8.0地震前,龙门山断裂带中南段存在着长期、大范围的地震丛集率低值区,震前该段处于应力闭锁状态.对川滇地区地震丛集率低值区内背景地震与全部地震的累积次数、b值和新定义的Δb等统计参量的分析表明,龙日坝与龙门山断裂带具有地震活动的关联性,川滇地区当前的强震潜在危险区可能是巧家地区和汶川M_S8.0地震破裂尚未穿越的龙门山断裂带南段.此外,还发现b值倾向于反映局部应力场变化,而Δb能较为敏感地给出更大范围应力场的相对变化.     

Effect of depth of soil stratum on performance of buildings for site-specific earthquakes

Towards formulating guidelines for performance evaluation of buildings to site-specific earthquakes, studies are reported in literature on the effect of various critical parameters. No study is, however, reported on the effect of depth of soil stratum. In this paper, a methodology is proposed and applied for performance evaluation of buildings for site-specific earthquakes including depth of soil stratum as a parameter. The methodology integrates independent procedures meant for performance evaluation of buildings and site-specific seismic analysis. Application of the proposed methodology enables to determine performance point of a building in terms of inelastic displacement and base shear. Numerical application of the methodology is demonstrated using the particulars of Delhi region. Two typical RC buildings (B1 and B2) with significantly different inelastic behaviour, assumed to be located on soil depths ranging from 10 to 200 m are chosen for the application study. Capacity spectra of the buildings are generated from nonlinear static analysis. Studies indicate that for building B1, with elasto-plastic behaviour, the depth of soil stratum strongly influences demand on inelastic displacement compared to that on inelastic base shear. For building B2, with continuously varying inelastic behaviour, the depth of soil stratum is observed to have significant influence on both the inelastic base shear as well as inelastic displacement. Responses of the buildings are compared with that obtained based on design spectrum of Indian seismic code. For both the cases, inelastic displacements as well as inelastic base shears are underestimated by Indian seismic code for certain depths of soil stratum. Proposed methodology enables the calculation of realistic values of inelastic base shear and corresponding displacement of a building for site-specific earthquakes by considering the actual characteristics of soil stratum.     

矿区生态系统健康的可拓评价

建立了多层次多指标的矿区生态系统健康综合评价体系,并给出矿区生态系统健康等级标准以及相应评价指标的量值。应用物元概念和可拓集合关联函数,并采用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重,构建矿区生态系统健康的可拓评价模型。将该模型应用于大同矿区的生态系统健康评价。通过关联度计算,得出该矿区生态系统健康的综合关联度为-0.023,健康等级为Ⅲ级,属于合格水平。该可拓学评价方法能够准确、科学地区分矿区生态系统健康的等级,为矿区生态系统保护措施的制定提供依据,具有实用性。