一种新型降水预报评分方法

在目前已有的降水评分办法的基础上，对原有办法存在的弊端进行了有效的改进，使得降水的预报评估与预报服务业务结合更紧密，也更贴近公众的感受。主要介绍了新方法的基本思路、关键技术、实现方法等。评分系统已投入业务运行，成为考核预报员业务水平的重要依据。     

Multi-scale Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Precipitation Heterogeneity in Guangxi

Aiming at the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and frequent occurrence of drought and waterlogging disasters in Guangxi, the multi-scale characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of precipitation heterogeneity can provide scientific support for regional response to drought and waterlogging disasters and intelligent management of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation data of 87 grid points from 1961 to 2017 in Guangxi, the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP) index were used to build day, pentad, ten days, month, season precipitation heterogeneity of multiple time scale level evaluation system. By using R/S analysis and geographical spatial analysis methods, the space-time evolution characteristics and climate division in Guangxi were discussed. The study showed that the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of PCD and PCP at the diurnal, synoptic and monthly scales were relatively consistent, and the heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi could be better expressed than that at the monthly and seasonal scales. The diachronic change of PCD in precipitation in Guangxi shows an increasing trend in northeast China and a decreasing trend in southwest China, and the trend of its future period is the same as the diachronic evolution. The spatial distribution of PCD in Guangxi has significant spatial autocorrelation and stratification heterogeneity, which are mainly reflected in the mean value, coefficient of variation and frequency of PCD. The comprehensive heterogeneity of precipitation in Guangxi is highly dispersed in the northeast, highly concentrated in the south, and slightly concentrated or dispersed in the northwest and central regions. The time-scale within a month is the best scale to express the non-uniformity of precipitation in Guangxi. If the advantages of more stable climatic and ten-day scales and more fine daily scales are taken into account, the use of climatic scale for daily sliding calculation and analysis will be the best way.     

我国城乡关联度评价指标体系构建及区域比较分析

科学评价城乡关系的发展程度和发展状况是城乡一体化研究中需要解决的关键问题。本文在分析了影响城乡融合诸多因素的基础上 ,运用层次分析法构建了一套用以反映区域城乡关系发展特征及程度的评价指标体系 ;并用此评价指标体系的综合评价值———城乡关联度对我国 31个省 (直辖市 ) 2 0 0 0年城乡关系发展状态进行了静态评价 ,评价结果比较真实地反映了城乡两大开放系统之间的要素流转情况和区域城乡关系发展的实际水平。文中对城乡关联度概念及其评价方法的提出是对城乡关系及其量化评价研究所做的有益尝试。     

城市生态安全水平的物元评判模型研究

作为人口高度集聚的人工生态系统,城市生态系统的安全性更加具有脆弱性。该文选取了若干公认的反映城市生态安全水平指标,建立了类型识别的物元评判模型。应用于我国十大城市,得出以下结论:处于"较安全"的城市有南京市、深圳市、大连市;处于"临界安全"的城市有上海市、广州市、南昌市、合肥市;处于"不安全"的城市有天津市、武汉市。评价结果基本与实地相符,说明建立的物元评判模型是可行的。     

中国省区循环经济预评估及区域差异研究

以省(区)为基本空间单元,构建了区域循环经济预评估指标体系,建立循环经济预评估的数学模型,并对中国大陆31个省(区)进行循环经济的事前评估,为不同省(区)开展循环经济的动态评估奠定了基础,同时对不同省(区)探索差异化的循环经济发展策略起到了基础性的探索作用。评估结果显示不同省(区)发展循环经济前的状况和特点存在明显的地区差异,因此,不同的省份在推行循环经济的发展过程中应实行差别化的策略。     

农业生态系统可持续性评价研究进展

在大量查阅国内外文献资料的基础上,阐述了国内外农业可持续性评价指标体系的选取标准与选取方法,在此基础上,综述了国内外农业可持续评价方法及评价尺度等研究进展情况。发现国内农业可持续性评价指标过多且以农业经济方面的指标为主,指标之间重叠现象严重,对生态环境、政策性和指导性指标重视不够,而且评价方法有待进一步完善。最后,针对农业可持续性评价中存在的问题提出了一些建议,以期对国内农业的可持续评价研究有所借鉴。     

基于PS-DR-DP理论模型的区域资源环境承载力综合评价（英文）

The concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity are important aspects of both academic inquiry and government policy. Although notable results have been achieved in terms of evaluating both these variables, most researchers have utilized a traditional analytical method that incorporates the "pressure-state-response" model. A new approach is proposed in this study for the comprehensive evaluation of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity; applying a "pressure-support", "destructiveness-resilience", and "degradation-promotion"("PS-DR-DP") hexagon interaction theoretical model, we divided carrying capacity into these three pairs of interactive forces which correspond with resource supporting ability, environmental capacity, and risk-disaster resisting ability, respectively. Negative carrying capacity load in this context was defined to include pressure, destructiveness, and degradation, while support, resilience, and promotion comprised positive attributes. The status of regional carrying capacity was then determined via the ratio between positive and negative contribution values, expressed in terms of changes in both hexagonal shape and area that result from interactive forces. In order to test our "PS-DR-DP" theory-based model, we carried out a further empirical study on Beijing over the period between 2010 and 2015. Analytical results also revealed that the city is now close to attaining a perfect state for both resources and environmental carrying capacity; the latter state in Beijing increased from 1.0143 to 1.1411 between 2010 and 2015, an improved carrying capacity despite the fact that population increased by two million. The average contribution value also reached 0.7025 in 2015, indicating that the city approached an optimal loading threshold at this time but still had space for additional carrying capacity. The findings of our analysis provide theoretical support to enable the city of Beijing to control population levels below 23 million by 2020.     

西湖凹陷花港组低渗透砂岩储层孔隙结构

为明确西湖凹陷花港组低渗透砂岩储层孔隙结构与产能之间的关系,利用500余块铸体薄片资料和311块常规压汞分析测试资料对该地区孔隙结构特征进行了分析和评价。通过对微观孔隙结构特征参数与储层宏观物性参数相关性分析,优选出最大连通孔喉半径和平均连通孔喉半径作为孔隙结构分级参数,并运用数据构型方法确定出孔隙结构分级界限,建立了适合工区低渗气藏的新的分级标准。利用该标准及孔隙与喉道大小的组合特征,将花港组H3段砂岩储层的孔隙结构划分为6种类型:大-中孔粗喉型、中-小孔中喉型、中-小孔中细喉型、小孔细喉型、细-小孔微细喉型和细孔微喉型。根据孔隙结构分类结果划分了4种储层类型,产能级别分别对应高产、中产、低产和特低产,其中一类储层主要对应大-中孔粗喉型和中-小孔中喉型孔隙结构类型,孔隙度和渗透率均较高,对应产能为高产,是该地区最有利的储层。     

我国市县地球物理监测资源评估

我国地球物理监测站网主要由GNSS、定点形变、重力、地电、地磁、地下流体六大观测站网组成,由国家站、省级站和市县站构成基本监测单元。市县站观测手段多、站点数量庞大,是地球物理监测站网的重要组成部分。为摸清市县站监测资源底数、统筹利用市县监测数据,中国地震局历时2年完成了我国市县地震监测资源评估工作。基于此项工作,本文从观测环境、观测系统、数据质量和预报应用四个方面对我国市县地球物理监测资源进行简要分析,评估结果显示: 37.8%的测项评估为合格,可直接纳入国家地球物理数据库管理,47.9%的测项评估为基本合格,可纳入国家市县数据库管理,14.3%的测项评估为不合格,需要停测或者优化改造。针对评估结果,简要分析了市县监测运维工作存在的主要问题并提出具体可行的解决建议,为提升市县站监测质量提供参考。     

黑龙江绥化市太平庄富硒地区土壤环境地球化学特征

为了提高农业用地经济效益,以地球化学调查手段为主,对绥化市太平庄地区的富硒土壤分布状况及其重金属元素地球化学特征进行了调查,评价了土壤质量环境状况,评价结果表明该调查区土壤质量环境良好,适合进一步开发富硒农产品,增加当地居民和地方财税收入,可以产生良好的经济效益和社会影响。