浅基础水平场地砂土液化危害性评价

分析了《建筑抗震设计规范》中砂土液化危害性评价方法的不足,通过确立液化土层在不同震害模式情况下的液化震陷计算值,建立了以震陷值S为指标的浅基础水平场地地基液化危害性评价等级,得到了其评价程序.     

黔江台水管仪与垂直摆预报效能对比分析

水管仪与垂直摆均是通过观测地倾斜变化来捕捉地震前兆信息的定点形变仪器,但因工作原理和观测频段不同,其观测结果和异常形态具有一定差异性。因此,对两种仪器的不同异常形态进行预报效能评估具有重要意义。利用异常自动化处理软件,提取黔江台倾斜仪各测项趋势转折、速率变化、破年变和潮汐因子等常见异常,并结合区域范围内的地震,对不同异常进行R值评分,评估不同测项的预报效能。结果显示：垂直摆NS分量预报效能最高,其趋势转折异常和M2潮汐因子异常均具有较好的预报指示意义;两套仪器的EW分量分别在破年变和速率变化预报效能较高;而水管仪NS分量预报效能最差,可能与该测项仪器故障频繁有关。此外,不同测项的异常对应的地震分布也具有一定的规律性。     

高边坡桥墩倾斜机理分析与安全性评价

高陡边坡桥墩同时承受上部结构传递的竖向荷载和桩周土体的侧向压力,墩柱受力性能复杂,易出现病害,影响桥梁安全。结合某高速公路桥墩倾斜的工程实例,对高陡边坡桥墩倾斜的机理进行分析,并对倾斜桥墩的安全性能进行评价。通过考虑边坡土体和桥墩的相互作用,采用数值方法对高陡边坡桥墩的受力特征进行研究,分析了墩柱倾斜和开裂的机理,并基于不同荷载下墩柱的内力组合,对墩柱的承载力进行评定。结果表明,边坡潜在滑移面受扰动后产生的坡体推力是引起墩柱倾斜的主要原因,坡体推力与车辆荷载及汽车制动力组合后,桥墩的承载力将不能满足设计要求。     

Numerical evaluation of the damping‐solvent extraction method in the frequency domain

The damping‐solvent extraction method for the analysis of unbounded visco‐elastic media is evaluated numerically in the frequency domain in order to investigate the influence of the computational parameters—domain size, amount of artificial damping, and mesh density—on the accuracy of results. An analytical estimate of this influence is presented, and specific questions regarding the influence of the parameters on the results are answered using the analytical estimate and numerical results for two classical problems: the rigid strip and rigid disc footings on a visco‐elastic half‐space with constant hysteretic material damping. As the domain size is increased, the results become more accurate only at lower frequencies, but are essentially unaffected at higher frequencies. Choosing the domain size to ensure that the static stiffness is computed accurately leads to an unnecessarily large domain for analysis at higher frequencies. The results improve by increasing artificial damping but at a slower rate as the total (material plus artificial) damping ratio ζ_t gets closer to 0.866. However, the results do not deteriorate significantly for the larger amounts of artificial damping, suggesting that ζ_t≈0.6 is appropriate; a larger value is not likely to influence the accuracy of results. Presented results do not support the earlier suggestion that similar accuracy can be achieved by a large bounded domain with small damping or by a small domain with larger damping. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CT引导下穿刺活检联合快速现场评价对肺部病灶诊断价值的系统评价

目的：探讨CT引导下穿刺活检联合快速现场评价对肺部病灶的诊断价值。方法：截至2022年10月,系统检索PubMed和EMBASE数据库,查找所有国外公开发表的文献研究,采用PRISMA推荐的质量评价工具（QUADAS-2）作为评估偏倚风险的主要方法,应用Meta分析软件对数据进行异质性检验,根据异质性结果选择相应的效应模型,计算总灵敏度、特异度、诊断优势比（DOR）,并绘制综合受试者工作特征曲线（SROC）、森林图与漏斗图。结果：纳入研究6篇（n=951例）,采用随机效应模型分析,汇总灵敏度、特异度、诊断优势比及其95％ 置信区间分别为94％、95％、159.05,SROC AUC为0.98。对设立对照组的4项研究进一步分析,与非ROSE组比较,ROSE组取材充分性、诊断准确性分别提高12％和13％。结论：对于肺部病灶,CT引导下穿刺活检联合快速现场评价是一项切实可行的操作方法,可作为重要临床诊断方法之一。

     

The formation evaluation tool and its application in offshore China

The Formation Evaluation Tool （FET） introduced in the paper represents a new generation of formation evaluation systems developed and manufactured by China Oilfield Services Limited （COSL）, CNOOC, using a FET technology transfer from Crocker Research, Australia. The system has been applied successfully in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea. For instance, a multilayered oil and water system has been confirmed with the aid of accurate formation pressure tests, even in very thin beds and edge water reservoirs, overcoming the difficulty of determining this kind of oil-water and gas-water contacts. Moreover, the FET pumping and real-time fluid monitoring function allows acquiring a true sample of formation fluid unpolluted by drilling mud which plays an important role in determining the fluid properties of the target stratum and analyzing the fluid component. The principles and purpose of the Formation Evaluation Tool （FET） will be briefly introduced and successful examples of the application of the technology will be described in detail in this paper.     

模糊综合评判在高层建筑结构地震作用下的应用

应用模糊数学原理,将我国现行建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2001)划分场地类别的依据模糊化,用正态分布作为等效剪切波速与覆盖层厚度的隶属函数,对不同场地条件特征周期值进行模糊综合评判,给出了高层建筑结构地震作用计算步骤。结果表明,模糊综合评判方法使得建筑抗震设计中的设计反应谱更符合实际,高层建筑结构地震作用的计算更为准确。     

Evaluation of density in layer compaction using SASW method

SASW test, which is non-intrusive and rapid in the field application, was used to evaluate the layer density in the roller compaction without performing the complicated inversion process. The concept of normalized shear wave velocity was introduced to minimize the effect of confinement in the density evaluation. SASW test was performed to determine the shear wave velocity of the layer, and the free–free resonant column (FF–RC) test was adopted to determine the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and density of the site, which is almost unique independent of confinement. Testing and data reduction procedures of both tests were briefly discussed and an evaluation procedure of the field density was proposed by effectively combining in-situ shear wave velocity determined by the SASW test with the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and the density determined by the FF–RC test. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by performing a field case study at Hoengsung road construction site. Field densities determined by the proposed method matched well with those determined by sand cone tests, showing the potential of applying the proposed method in the field density evaluation.     

Effect of depth of soil stratum on performance of buildings for site-specific earthquakes

Towards formulating guidelines for performance evaluation of buildings to site-specific earthquakes, studies are reported in literature on the effect of various critical parameters. No study is, however, reported on the effect of depth of soil stratum. In this paper, a methodology is proposed and applied for performance evaluation of buildings for site-specific earthquakes including depth of soil stratum as a parameter. The methodology integrates independent procedures meant for performance evaluation of buildings and site-specific seismic analysis. Application of the proposed methodology enables to determine performance point of a building in terms of inelastic displacement and base shear. Numerical application of the methodology is demonstrated using the particulars of Delhi region. Two typical RC buildings (B1 and B2) with significantly different inelastic behaviour, assumed to be located on soil depths ranging from 10 to 200 m are chosen for the application study. Capacity spectra of the buildings are generated from nonlinear static analysis. Studies indicate that for building B1, with elasto-plastic behaviour, the depth of soil stratum strongly influences demand on inelastic displacement compared to that on inelastic base shear. For building B2, with continuously varying inelastic behaviour, the depth of soil stratum is observed to have significant influence on both the inelastic base shear as well as inelastic displacement. Responses of the buildings are compared with that obtained based on design spectrum of Indian seismic code. For both the cases, inelastic displacements as well as inelastic base shears are underestimated by Indian seismic code for certain depths of soil stratum. Proposed methodology enables the calculation of realistic values of inelastic base shear and corresponding displacement of a building for site-specific earthquakes by considering the actual characteristics of soil stratum.     

基于T-S模糊神经网络的采空塌陷危险性判别

采空区地面塌陷的危险性判别受地质因素、采矿因素等多重因素的影响,各因素往往影响程度不同且部分因素之间又相互联系。为了能够较准确地对采空塌陷危险性进行评估,引入了T-S模糊神经网络模型。以北京西山地区采空塌陷为例,根据塌陷特点,分别选取了地质构造复杂程度、覆盖层类型、第四系覆盖层厚度、覆岩强度、煤层倾角、采深采厚比、采空区埋深、采空区空间叠置层数8项影响因素作为评价指标,并建立了分级标准。将单因素评价指标均匀线性插值作为训练样本,建立了T-S模糊神经网络判别模型。利用训练好的神经网络模型对选取的8处采空区进行评估,结果分别为:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅱ,结果与实际情况吻合。研究表明,利用T-S模糊神经网络研究采空塌陷危险性是可行的。