中亚成矿域斑岩铜（钼）矿带的认识与建立

对中亚成矿域斑岩铜(钼)矿带的认识,起源于哈萨克斯坦滨巴尔喀什—伊犁火山侵入岩带的划分和地球物理场的确认。尤其是对哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔环状磁力异常带的厘定,奠定了中亚成矿域斑岩铜(钼)矿带的地球物理基础和与哈萨克斯坦—准噶尔地块外缘火山-侵入岩带的耦合关系,最终建立起哈—中—蒙中亚成矿域斑岩型铜(钼)矿带的雏型。     

神经网络BP算法在GPS高程转换中粗差探测的尝试

引入神经网络的BP算法中稳定、收敛速度快的Levenberg—Marquardt算法,进行GPS高程转换中的粗差探测,提出了LM粗差探测法。通过实验做出分析比较,得出了实用可行的计算方法。     

中国东北样带NDVI的季节变化及其与气候因子的关系

NDVI是研究大尺度生态学问题一个非常有用的指数,它可以为估价全球植被动态模型提供足够的信息.中国东北样带是全球变化研究中首选样带之一,本文分析了分辨率为1km×1km的NDVI年内季节变化的两个特征值:年均NDVI(NDVI-I)和NDVI年内极差(NDVI-MM)在样带内5种不同植被类型间的变化及其与年平均气温和降水量之间的相关关系.结果表明,NDVI具有明显的季节变化格局,NDVI-I和NDVI-MM由东到西均呈下降趋势,NDVI-I与降水量具有显著的线性回归关系,降水量能够解释NDVI-I和NDVI-MM空间变异的绝大部分.这一结果说明NDVI反映了植被沿环境梯度的时空变化格局,可用于监测样带植被对气候变化的响应.     

川藏公路地质灾害防御体系及防治对策研究

论文在分析川藏公路的自然与地质环境、水文地质、工程地质条件的基础上，研究了川藏公路沿线地质灾害形或发育的规律。提出地质灾害危险性评估有助于预防地质灾害。建设、设计、施工及监理等单位必须充分重视评估报告提出的防治建议．在公路基本建设各阶段，采取切实可行的措施防治地质灾害。在新构造运动频繁．河流下切强烈，地震活动强度及频度很高的地质背景下，川藏公路地质灾害的发生不可避免。利用计算机技术和信息高速公路．建立川藏公路统一的多功能信息处理与传递和灾害管理信息系统，是地质灾害防治的重要手段之一，也是一种趋势．只有达到信息快速传递，应急方案迅速启动，才能将地质灾害的损失降到最低。     

The azimuthal magnetorotational instability (AMRI)

We consider the flow of an electrically conducting fluid between differentially rotating cylinders, in the presence of an externally imposed current-free toroidal field B₀(R_in/R) ê _ϕ . It is known that the classical, axisymmetric magnetorotational instability does not exist for such a purely toroidal imposed field.We show here that a nonaxisymmetric magnetorotational instability does exist, having properties very similar to the axisymmetric magnetorotational instability in the presence of an axial field. In the nonlinear regime the magnetic energy of the perturbances is shifted (in the sense of an inverse cascade) to the axisymmetric mode rather than to the modes with m > 1. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Tectonic Settings and Geological Implications of Neoproterozoic Liujiaping VMS Deposit,Northwestern Yangtze Block,China

Liujiaping VMS (volcanic massive sulfide) deposit contains mainly copper and zinc, which is located at the Longmenshan orogenic belt of the northwestern margin of Yangtze block. The deposit is hosted in Neoproterozoic Datan terrane (composed of Datan granitoids and Liujiaping group) and is a typical, and the biggest, VMS deposit in this area. The Datan granitoids and Liujiaping group are contemporary and both parental magmas have the same genesis. The tectonic evolution history of Northwestern Yangtze is complicated. Chronology, isotope and geochemistry of the Liujiaping VMS ores and wall rocks (especially the Datan granitoids) are analyzed to restrict the tectonic progress. High‐precision secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis of the Datan granitoids resulted in two concordant ages, 815.5 ± 3.2 Ma and 835.5 ± 2.6 Ma, which are contemporary with the Liujiaping Cu–Zn ore and volcanics. The wall rocks are characterized by enrichment in LREE and with a weak negative anomaly of Eu. The Pb isotope data of sulfide and volcanics from the Liujiaping deposit indicate that the material source is lower crust. Together with variable negative anomalies of high strength field elements HFSE (Th, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, P and Ti), positive ε_Nd (825 Ma) values (+1.8 to +3.1) and the Nd model age T_2DM = 1.2–1.3 Ga, it shows that the Liujiaping deposit and wall rocks were formed by partial melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crust. Geological and geochemical characteristics of Liujiaping deposit indicate that this deposit was formed during subduction of the oceanic crust. This study clarified that that the Liujiaping deposit and the northwestern margin of the Yangtze block were part of an arc setting at ~820 Ma rather than intra‐continental rift.     

A 3-dimensional data model for visualizing cloverleaf junction in a city model

The research work has been seldom done about cloverleaf junction expression in a 3-dimensional city model (3DCM). The main reason is that the cloverleaf junction is often in a complex and enormous construction. Its main body is bestraddle in air, and has aerial intersections between its parts. This complex feature made cloverleaf junction quite different from buildings and terrain, therefore, it is difficult to express this kind of spatial objects in the same way as for buildings and terrain. In this paper, authors analyze spatial characteristics of cloverleaf junction, propose an all-constraint points TIN algorithm to partition cloverleaf junction road surface, and develop a method to visualize cloverleaf junction road, surface using TIN. In order to manage cloverleaf junction data efficiently, the authors also analyzed the mechanism of 3DCM data management, extended BLOB type in relational database, and combined R-tree index to manage 3D spatial data. Based on this extension, an appropriate data structure for cloverleaf junction in 3DCM is proposed.     

基于Eshelby张量和Mori-Tanaka等效方法的砂卵石土等效弹性模量研究

砂卵石土是物理力学性质既不同于砂土也不同于完整岩体的离散体,将其简化为砂土为基体,卵石为椭球形夹杂的两相复合材料。在小变形条件下,考虑卵石的含量和分布,采用Eshelby张量和Mori-Tanaka等效方法,运用替换迭代方式,从理论上推导出等效柔度张量一般性计算方程;重点研究卵石为球形时（椭球的一种特殊情况）砂卵石土等效弹性模量,通过编写程序求得其数值解,并与相关数值试验和理论进行对比。结果表明,此理论计算方法精度较以前的理论计算方法精度有大幅提高,当卵石体积分数小于50%时,理论计算结果与数值试验结果吻合较好,其结果可用于判断砂卵石土宏观力学特性,有利于地下工程应用;当体积分数大于50%时,理论计算结果和数值试验结果有一定误差。     

基于有理多项式模型的星载高分InSAR影像制作数字高程模型的研究

合成孔径雷达干涉测量是一种利用SAR影像复数据的相位信息提取地面三维信息的技术,它通过获取地面目标在两幅SAR影像上的相位差值来解算该点的三维坐标。有理多项式（RPC,Rational Polynomial Coefficient）模型作为一种数学意义上的几何模型,它独立于传感器和平台,简单且具有通用性,可建立地面任意坐标与影像空间的关系。本文在RPC模型用于替代星载SAR的距离多普勒模型和星载InSAR的干涉相位方程基础上,研究 RPC模型应用于星载高分辨率InSAR影像制作DEM的可行性和精度。利用兰州COSMO-SkyMed数据和资源三号三线阵数据制作的DEM为参考数据进行实验验证,RPC模型用于InSAR技术生成的DEM,中误差为7.55米。     

Surface gravitational field and topography changes induced by the Earth’s fluid core motions

Using a Love number formalism, the elastic deformations of the mantle and the mass redistribution gravitational potential within the Earth induced by the fluid pressure acting at the core–mantle boundary (CMB) are computed. This pressure field changes at a decadal time scale and may be estimated from observations of the surface magnetic field and its secular variation. First, using a spherical harmonic expansion, the poloidal and toroidal part of the fluid velocity field at the CMB for the last 40 years is computed, under the hypothesis of tangential geostrophy. Then the associated geostrophic pressure, whose order of magnitude is about 1000 Pa, is computed. The surface topography induced by this pressure field is computed using Love numbers, and is a few millimetres. The mass redistribution gravitational potential induced by these deformations and, in particular, the zonal components of the related surface gravitational potential perturbation (J₂, J₃ and J₄ coefficients), are calculated. Overall perturbations for the J₂ coefficient of about 10^–10, for J₃ of about 10^–11 and for J₄ are found of about 0.3×10^–11. Finally, these theoretical results are compared with recent observations of the decadal variation of J₂ from satellite laser ranging. Results concerning J₂ can be described as follows: first, they are one order of magnitude too small to explain the observed decadal variation of J₂ and, second, they show a significant linear trend over the last 40 years, whose rate of decrease amounts to 7% of the observed value.