INTERRELATION BETWEEN EAST-ASIAN WINTER MONSOON AND INDIAN/PACIFIC SST WITH THE INTERDECADAL VARIATION

Investigated statistically is the interrelation between East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM)and SST over sensitive areas of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.with focus on the relation of EAWMto strong ENSO signal area.i.e.,the equatorial eastern Pacific(EEP)SST.Evidence suggeststhat the EAWM variation is intimately associated not only with the EEP SST but with theequatorial western Pacific“warm pool”and equatorial Indian/northwestern Pacific Kuroshio SSTas well:the EAWM and ENSO interact strongly with each other on the interannual time scales,exhibiting pronounced interdecadal variation mainly under the joint effect of the monsoon QBO andthe monsoon/SST background field features on an interdecadal basis—when both fields are in thesame phase(anti-phase).strong EAWM contributes to EEP SST rise(drop)in the followingwinter,corresponding to a warm(cold)ENSO cycle;the EAWM QBO causes ENSO cycle to bestrong phase-locked with seasonal variation,making the EEP SST rise lasting from April—May toMay—June of the next year,which plays an important role in maintaining a warm ENSO phase.     

全新世／冰期西赤道太平洋边缘海碳酸钙沉积旋回及其古海洋学意义

本文所研究的区域是西赤道太平洋的两个边缘海盆─—南中国海和苏禄海。分别对南中国海的ＧＧＣ—６孔和苏禄海的ＧＧＣ—２９孔的ＣａＣＯ＿３含量、浮游有孔虫动物群及氧同位素地层进行分析，并用浮游有孔虫转换函数方法对古温度进行分析，用以确定地层年代的气候分期。研究结果表明，本区Ｃａ－ＣＯ＿３旋回模式与太平洋型相反，而与大西洋型一致。即冰期时ＣａＣＯ＿３含量低，全新世冰后期ＣａＣＯ＿３含量高。冰期陆源物质供应的加强是控制本区ＣａＣＯ＿３旋回的主要因素。此外，冰期时南中国海海水溶解作用的加强是控制本区低ＣａＣＯ＿３含量的又一重要因素，而苏禄海受海水溶解作用的影响相对很小。     

High-resolution regional ocean dynamics simulation in the southwestern tropical Atlantic

The southwestern tropical Atlantic (05°S–25°S/20°W–47°W), where part of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) enters at its eastern border, is of particular interest as it is fed by many western boundary currents along the eastern Brazilian continental shelf. However, the long-term variability of the dynamics in this region, which are also important as they contribute to the climate over northeastern Brazil, is largely unknown. We use the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS) here for the first time in this area to simulate the ocean circulation with an isotropic horizontal grid resolution of 1/12° and 40 terrain-following layers. As a primary evaluation of the ROMS configuration, we explore surface and vertical thermal structures, the surface mixed layer, and mass transports within the upper levels. Interannual variability results are compared with the first two-year series of observed thermal profiles derived from the three PIRATA-SWE moorings. The simulated thermal structure in the upper ocean layers agrees well with in-situ data. ROMS simulations point out a broad and relatively weak SEC flow composed of a sequence of more or less defined near-surface cores. The westward SEC transport for the upper 400 m along the PIRATA-SWE section, calculated from the ROMS simulation for 2005–2007, shows an average volume transport of 14.9 Sv, with a maximum observed in JFM (15.7 Sv), and a minimum during MJJ (13.8 Sv). ROMS results indicate that the 2005–2007 seasonal near-surface westward SEC transport is modulated by the zonal wind variability. Three zonal sections extending from the American continent to the PIRATA buoy sites confirm that stronger northward NBUC transport and decreasing BC transport were achieved during May 2006 and May 2007, i.e. at the time the sSEC bifurcation reaches its southernmost position. On the other hand, the maximum southward BC flow was verified during January 2006, January 2007 and March 2007, with a minimum northward NBUC flow in December 2005 and October/December 2006, corresponding to the period when the sSEC bifurcation reaches its lowest latitude (OND). Sea Surface Height (SSH) and the surface Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) derived from simulations and AVISO Rio05 product point out the highest surface meso-scale activity (EKE  50 cm² s⁻²) along the cSEC and NBUC/BC patches. Preliminary results provide additional ingredients in the complexity of the SEC divergence region and encourage us to conduct a more detailed exploration of the dynamics of this region using the ROMS. This also shows the need to continue, extend, and vertically upgrade the observational PIRATA-SWE array system, especially with more levels of salinity measurements and the installation of current measurements.     

Ocean Model Simulation of Southern Indian Ocean Surface Currents

The dynamic importance of the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) lies in the fact that it connects the three major world oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Modeling study has been used to understand the circulation pattern of this very important region. Simulation of SIO (10°N-60°S and 30°E-120°E) is performed with z-coordinate Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) viz; MOM3.0 and the results have been compared with observed ship drift data. It is found that except near coastal boundaries and in equatorial region, the simulated current reproduce most well known current pattern such as Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), South Equatorial Current (SEC) etc. and bears a resemblance to that of the observed data; however the magnitude of the surface current is weaker in model than the observed data, which may be due to deficiency in the forcing field and boundary condition and problem with observed data. The annual mean wind stress curl computed over the oceanic domain reveals about ACC and its similar importance. The way in which the ocean responds to the windstress and vertically integrated transport using model output is fascinating and rather good.     

中国云南冬季降水与典型海域热含量的关系

利用GODAS月平均海温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和云南30站月平均降水数据,分析了云南冬季降水的分布特征,研究了1980—2011年期间海洋热含量与云南冬季降水的关系,并对可能影响途径进行了探讨。计算热含量时,采用分层计算并且逐层求相关的方法,找出与降水的最大相关区域及深度。结果表明:赤道太平洋暖池区11、12月上层150 m热含量与同年云南冬季降水呈超前显著负相关,赤道太平洋中部4—6月上层80 m热含量与同年冬季降水呈超前显著正相关,赤道东太平洋10、12月130—230 m热含量与同年冬季降水呈超前显著正相关,这种分布形态与赤道潜流有关;南大洋关键区90—650 m热含量与同年冬季降水全年呈现超前显著负相关。云南降水受La Nia和El Nio年的影响,La Nia年云南降水偏少。赤道太平洋地区的热含量通过Walker环流和Hadley环流的共同作用,对云南降水产生影响。     

Scaling of motion and governing equations for baroclinic large-scale motions in equatorial ocean

PROPOSALOFPROBLEMTheequatorialoceanicdynamicsintightconnectionwiththeEINinoeventshasbeenthefocusoftheoceanographer'sattention.Asabasisofequatorialoceanicdynamics,theconventionaltheoryoftheequatoriallytrappedwaves,whichwerefertothetrappedwavetheoryinextensiveliteratureuptodate(Matsuno,1966;Blandford,1966;MunkandMoors,1968;WunschandGill,1976;MoorsandPhilandet,1977;Eriksen,1985;Pedlosky,1987),hasbeenprogressivelydevelopedandemployed.However,thedetailedinvestigationsrevealthattheproper…     

Geochemical characteristics of sediments from the COMRA registered pioneer area (CRPA), equatorial northeastern Pacific Ocean

I\TRODUcrIO\Most substances that enter the oceans are ultimately kept as sediments. ffefore settingdOwn, they experienced vdrious complex biological and chebocal cycles and interactions, whichinvolve sorne substances more than others. The interactlons continue after deposition. Sedl-ments do not lie passive]y on the sea--floor until they are buried: deeP--sea animals disturb thesediments as they forage fOr fdri, and some sediments may experience erosion and resuspensionby bottom currents. …     

从副高及海温角度分析2013年夏季长江中下游地区高温干旱原因

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了2013年夏季西太平洋副热带高压特征,发现今夏副热带高压位置偏西、偏北,且长时间稳定在江南地区。进一步分析发现,今年前期热带印度洋海温显著偏高,赤道中东太平洋海温较常年同期偏低,这共同造成了今年我国长江中下游地区的高温干旱。     

AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF EQUATORIAL WESTERLIES

The real-time data of the high level atmosphere obtained by the R/V Xiangyanghong No.5 involved in the international TOGA-COARE project at 2°S, 155°E and at fixed real time of 05, 11, 19 and 23 h GMT each day from Nov. 5, 1992 to Feb. 18, 1993 are used to analyze diagnostically the vertical structure of wind and humidity over the central area of the warm pool. The results show that (1) the lowfrequency oscillation of the equatorial westerlies (i. e. reconstruction-development-decline) is closely related to the vigour and interruption of the Asian-Australian monsoon (including air flow across the equator caused by East Asia cold wave), (2) the variabilities of the vertical structure of wind and humidity, and the processes of precipitation and gale weather in the troposphere of the warm pool area are closely related to the intensity of the equatorial westerlies, and (3) there are strong wind belts over the high and low level atmosphere in the western equatorial Pacific at the inception of the ENSO event, and jet flow at the high and low level atmosphere during the equatorial westerly burst.     

NEURAL NETWORK BP MODEL APPROXIMATION AND PREDICTION OF COMPLICATED WEATHER SYSTEMS*

An artificial neural network BP model and its revised algorithm are used to approximate quite successfully a Lorenz chaotic dynamic system and the mapping relation is established between the indices of Southern Oscillation and equatorial zonal wind and lagged equatorial eastern Pacific sea surface temperature(SST) in the context of NCEP/NCAR data,and thereby a model is prepared.The constructed net model shows fairly high fit precision and feasible prediction accuracy,thus making itself of some usefulness to the prognosis of intricate weather systems.