23届IUGG大会有关大地测量的最新进展

第23届国际大地测量与地球物理联合会综合性学术大会于2003年6月30日至7月11日在日本扎幌举行.介绍了这次大会中有关大地测量的最新发展.主要内容有国家和地区地心参考框架的建设与维护、地球重力场与大地水准面的精密测定、GPS及其应用、大地测量的基本理论与方法、地球动力学研究以及国际大地测量学会通过的新决议.     

GIS中平面面位误差环的解析模型

本文基于随机场理论,导出了随机面元的分布函数和概率密度函数。为了衡量随机面元的位置不确定性,将点位误差椭圆和线位误差带进一步扩展到面位误差环指标。根据推求包括线的原理,导出了多边形面位误差环边界线的解析表达式,并分析了面位误差环的构成机理,证明了误差环边界线为连续闭合曲线的结论。最后通过实例绘制了面位误差环的可视化图形。     

热红外遥感技术在地热资源调查中的应用与潜力

本文简要介绍了热红外遥感技术在地热资源调查中的应用进展及探测地热的原理与物理前提。通过辽南地热调查中的几个地热实例说明了该项技术在地热调查中的效果和应用前景,客观地分析了该项技术的应用潜力与局限性,强调了成像条件好坏是地热调查成败的关键。     

Airborne gravimetry used in precise geoid computations by ring integration

Two detailed geoids have been computed in the region of North Jutland. The first computation used marine data in the offshore areas. For the second computation the marine data set was replaced by the sparser airborne gravity data resulting from the AGMASCO campaign of September 1996. The results of comparisons of the geoid heights at on-shore geometric control showed that the geoid heights computed from the airborne gravity data matched in precision those computed using the marine data, supporting the view that airborne techniques have enormous potential for mapping those unsurveyed areas between the land-based data and the off-shore marine or altimetrically derived data. Received: 7 July 1997 / Accepted: 22 April 1998     

An approach of surface coal fire detection from ASTER and Landsat-8 thermal data: Jharia coal field,India

Radiant temperature images from thermal remote sensing sensors are used to delineate surface coal fires, by deriving a cut-off temperature to separate coal-fire from non-fire pixels. Temperature contrast of coal fire and background elements (rocks and vegetation etc.) controls this cut-off temperature. This contrast varies across the coal field, as it is influenced by variability of associated rock types, proportion of vegetation cover and intensity of coal fires etc. We have delineated coal fires from background, based on separation in data clusters in maximum v/s mean radiant temperature (13th band of ASTER and 10th band of Landsat-8) scatter-plot, derived using randomly distributed homogeneous pixel-blocks (9 × 9 pixels for ASTER and 27 × 27 pixels for Landsat-8), covering the entire coal bearing geological formation. It is seen that, for both the datasets, overall temperature variability of background and fires can be addressed using this regional cut-off. However, the summer time ASTER data could not delineate fire pixels for one specific mine (Bhulanbararee) as opposed to the winter time Landsat-8 data. The contrast of radiant temperature of fire and background terrain elements, specific to this mine, is different from the regional contrast of fire and background, during summer. This is due to the higher solar heating of background rocky outcrops, thus, reducing their temperature contrast with fire. The specific cut-off temperature determined for this mine, to extract this fire, differs from the regional cut-off. This is derived by reducing the pixel-block size of the temperature data. It is seen that, summer-time ASTER image is useful for fire detection but required additional processing to determine a local threshold, along with the regional threshold to capture all the fires. However, the winter Landsat-8 data was better for fire detection with a regional threshold.     

浅论高精度DEM的制作

结合地理国情普查DEM精细化生产项目,论述了基于ArcGIS 10.1、ERDAS 2011软件,批量生产高精度DEM的工艺流程及作业过程中关键性技术问题的解决.     

地理国情水系要素的自动提取

在地表覆盖水系图斑采集的基础上,利用Rosenfeld细化算法实现地理国情水系要素中心线的自动提取。首先兼顾提取质量确定图像由矢量转换为栅格的最佳像素值,然后根据内存访问效率和图像块大小的关系选择图像分块处理技术。此外,采用图像形态学的膨胀与腐蚀算法、线段长度条件约束和曲线节点抽稀等技术确保中心线提取质量。试验结果表明,本文提出的方法准确、高效,在生产实践中具有一定的应用价值。     

基于红绿色觉异常人群的路况地图色彩设计研究

红绿色觉异常人群对于明度变化的感受比正常视觉者更加敏感,可以弥补色相辨别的缺陷。通过针对黄色明度对比实验得出红绿色觉异常人群对明度对比各等级的视觉感受,找出对红绿色觉异常人群既可以容易识别又不会觉得刺眼的明度对比范围。实验结果引入地图设色,结合色彩象征意义,做出红绿色觉异常人群和正常人群通用的路况地图。在路况信息清晰表达前提下,尽可能保留色彩象征意义,并保证地图的观赏性。通过路况地图色彩明度对比实验制作出红绿色觉异常人群既能无障碍识别又带有警示象征意义的路况地图。     

地理信息成果在资源承载力评价中的应用研究

利用地理信息数据,结合人口与经济统计数据,选择相应的计算模型,提取、统计生产性土地资源面积,计算区域相对资源承载力,探讨基础地理信息数据在资源承载力评价方面的应用。     

基于GEOWAY CIPS,PCI GXL在数字正射影像生产中的应用

随着地理国情普查项目的逐步开展,快速、大批量数字正射影像的底图制作成为亟待解决的问题。本文以新疆和丰县高分辨率卫星遥感影像为实验对象,在GEOWAY CIPS和PCI GXL工作站版软件平台上通过控制点采集、区域网平差、正射纠正、影像配准等进行数字正射影像生产实验并分析,结果表明:GEOWAY CIPS,PCI GXL在快速生产数字正射影像方面均有其优势,GEOWAY CIPS利用高性能集群环境,将原始数据、中间数据和成果数据都存放在集群存储上,避免了海量影像数据的冗余传输,节约了影像处理时间;PCI GXL在保证遥感影像数据处理精度的前提下,其人工干预低、处理速度快,大大提高了工作效率。