黄沙坪矿田的综合找矿模式及其在隐伏矿床预测中的应用

黄沙坪矿田的综合找矿模式可概括为已知黄沙坪铅锌矿床成矿模式、地质地球化学及地球物理找矿标志以及最优找矿方法。黄沙坪铅锌矿床成矿母岩与中酸性高侵位岩体有关,倒转背斜轴部及其纵横断裂交汇处控制矿床,走向逆冲断裂带、间层断裂或虚脱带、岩体侵入接触带等控制矿体;矿床范围内有重力、磁力、电性、放射性等异常,出现成矿元素及重矿物指示标志;探查岩体(探岩)、圈定远景区(圈区)找矿床赋存部位(找位)、寻工业矿体(寻体)是最优找矿方法。此综合找矿模式在隐伏矿床预测中的应用经钻探验证取得了积极效果。     

SWCWARMS模式小时降水量时间滞后集合预报研究

基于SWCWARMS模式9km×9km分辨率逐小时降水预报,通过时间滞后集合预报方法构建多个集合成员,使用SAL评分值计算相应集合成员的权重系数,进行不等权集合平均,从而得到新的逐小时降水预报。利用SAL、TS和BIAS检验方法对四川省2019年8月的逐小时降水量时间滞后集合预报及相应的SWCWARMS模式最新时次预报进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)时间滞后集合预报SAL检验的L值和A值都较模式预报更接近于0,较好地改善了降水位置和强度的整体预报水平;(2)时间滞后集合预报对逐小时降水晴雨TS评分提升明显,评分提高百分率在10%左右,有效地减小了模式在晴雨方面的空报;(3)临近预报时效,时间滞后集合预报方法对于大量级降水预报也有较好的订正效果。     

Improvement of spatial interpolation accuracy of daily maximum air temperature in urban areas using a stacking ensemble technique

ABSTRACT

The reliable and robust monitoring of air temperature distribution is essential for urban thermal environmental analysis. In this study, a stacking ensemble model consisting of multi-linear regression (MLR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest (RF) optimized by the SVR is proposed to interpolate the daily maximum air temperature (T_max) during summertime in a mega urban area. A total of 10 geographic variables, including the clear-sky averaged land surface temperature and the normalized difference vegetation index, were used as input variables. The stacking model was compared to Cokriging, three individual data-driven methods, and a simple average ensemble model, all through leave-one-station-out cross validation. The stacking model showed the best performance by improving the generalizability of the individual models and mitigating the sensitivity to the extreme daily T_max. This study demonstrates that the stacking ensemble method can improve the accuracy of spatial interpolation of environmental variables in various research fields.     

南海热带气旋路径集合预报试验

利用3种不同模式的初始资料，通过它们生成得到16个不同的初始场，分别对2004年南海及其周边地区9个热带气旋个例进行集合预报试验，最后筛选得到了7个南海热带气旋初值集合成员，由此初步探讨了南海热带气旋初值集合成员的生成方法。结果表明，采用不同模式的初始资料生成得到初值集合成员的方法用于集合预报，对南海热带气旋路径预报有一些明显的改进。     

多模式集合预报技术及其分析与检验

基于国家气象中心天气预报业务平台,对德国、日本、欧洲中心数值预报模式和我国T213模式的夏季预报产品进行检验,在此基础上,通过不同模式对目标区域预报能力的分析,分别应用神经元网络预报技术和基于Ts评分的客观多模式权重系数法(ME),建立了4个模式的集合预报方法,并应用于2005年汛期业务运行。结果表明:ME对短期降水预报技巧高于简单集合平均,因此具有一定的业务应用前景。     

Application of ensemble kalman filter to geophysical parameters retrieval in remote sensing:A case study of kernel-driven BRDF model inversion

Remote sensing can provide multi-spatial resolution, multi-temporal resolution multi-spectral band and multi-angular data for the observation of land surface. At present, one of research focuses is how to make the best of these data to retrieve geophysical parameters in conjunction with their a priori knowledge and simul-taneously consider the influence of data uncertainties on inversion results[1-5]. The essence of remote sensing lies in inversion. It is difficult to precisely retrieve parame…     

中国冬季气温的集合典型相关分析和预报

以欧亚大陆地面温度、北半球500 hPa高度、热带印度洋SST(sea surface temperature)以及北太平洋SST为预报因子,通过典型相关分析(canonical correlation analysis,简称CCA)建立预报关系,然后用集合典型相关分析预报(ensemble canonical correlation prediction,简称ECC)方法预报中国冬季气温,并分析预报技巧及进行独立样本检验.结果表明,不同的预报因子对各个地区有不同的预报技巧,以欧亚大陆地面温度为预报因子预报技巧较高,而ECC模式对中国冬季气温有更好的预报能力,预报技巧高于任何一个单因子场的CCA预报;采用回归法的集合平均比简单的等权集合平均预报技巧更稳定.     

A radar-based verification of precipitation forecast for local convective storms

Local flash flood storms with a rapid hydrological response are a real challenge for quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF). It is relevant to assess space domains, to which the QPF approaches are applicable. In this paper an attempt is made to evaluate the forecasting capability of a high-resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) model by means of area-related QPF verification. The results presented concern two local convective events, which occurred in the Czech Republic (CR) on 13 and 15 July 2002 and caused local flash floods. We used the LM COSMO model (Lokall Model of the COSMO consortium) adapted to the horizontal resolution of 2.8 km over a model domain covering the CR. The 18 h forecast of convective precipitation was verified by using radar rainfall totals adjusted to the measured rain gauge data. The grid point-related root mean square error (RMSE) value was calculated over a square around the grid point under the assumption that rainfall values were randomly distributed within the square. The forecast accuracy was characterized by the mean RMSE over the whole verification domain. We attempt to show a dependence of both the RMSE field and the mean RMSE on the square size. The importance of a suitable merger between the radar and rain gauge datasets is demonstrated by a comparison between the verification results obtained with and without the gauge adjustment. The application of verification procedure demonstrates uncertainties in the precipitation forecasts. The model was integrated with initial conditions shifted by 0.5° distances. The four verifications, corresponding to the shifts in the four directions, show differences in the resulting QPF, which depend on the size of verification area and on the direction of the shift.     

GRAPES模式对长江流域天气预报的检验分析

GRAPES是中国新一代数值天气预报模式。使用GRAPES中尺度模式产品和常规观测资料,分析检验了2005、2006年汛期发生在长江流域的11次主要降水天气过程,得到:GRAPES模式对于长江流域的预报,无论是降水、天气形势还是物理量都有比较强的预报能力;GRAPES模式对级别较大的降水预报容易出现漏报,而不易出现空报,对于10mm以下的雨区预报比较准确,而对于大于50mm的雨区预报,尤其是大于100mm的降水中心存在较大的偏差;对于西太平洋副热带高压的预报比实际情况偏南、偏东;对于水汽通量散度的预报与实际情况比较吻合。     

On the quantitative evaluation of metamorphic fluid composition: Verification of the results of physicochemical simulations for water-mineral-rock reactions

This paper reports the results of a comparison of the qualitative physicochemical simulations (by the Winsel program complex) of the composition of the reacting fluid with experimental data on the water-electrolyte (NaCl, HCl, NaOH, and KOH)-mineral (quartz, corundum, microcline, and plagioclase) system and the water-electrolyte-rock (granite and pelite) system at 400–800°C and 1–10 kbar. Constraints are proposed for the temperature, pressure, and the composition of the electrolyte at which the simulation results are consistent with the experimental data.