Parameter identification for lined tunnels in a viscoplastic medium

This paper is dedicated to the identification of constitutive parameters of elasto‐viscoplastic constitutive law from measurements performed on deep underground cavities (typically tunnels). This inverse problem is solved by the minimization of a cost functional of least‐squares type. The exact gradient is computed by the direct differentiation method and the descent is done using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The method is presented for lined or unlined structures and is applied for an elastoviscoplastic constitutive law of the Perzyna class. Several identification problems are presented in one and two dimensions for different tunnel geometries. The used measurements have been obtained by a preliminary numerical simulation and perturbed with a white noise. The identified responses match the measurements. We also discuss the usage of the sensitivity analysis of the system, provided by the direct differentiation method, for the optimization of in situ monitoring. The sensitivity distribution in space and time assess the location of the measurements points as well as the time of observation needed for reliable identification. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sensitivity Analysis of a Feedforward Neural Network for Considering Genetic Mechanisms of Kuroko Deposits

Exploration for volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits of the kuroko-type is underway in many places. Clarifying the spatial patterns of the metals in kuroko deposits will be useful for understanding their genetic mechanisms and for future exploration of such types of deposits. This study represents a spatial distribution analysis on the contents of principal metals of kuroko deposits: Cu, Pb, and Zn, in the Hokuroku district, northern Japan, by a feedforward neural network and 1917 sample data at 143 drillhole sites. The network, which consists of three layers, was trained by the principle of SLANS in which the numbers of neurons in the middle layer and training data are changed to improve estimation accuracy. Using the weight coefficients connecting adjacent neurons, sensitivity analysis of the neural network was carried out to identify factors influencing spatial distributions of the three metals. The coordinates depth (z) direction, Bouguer gravity, and specific lithology such as dacite were determined to be influencing factors. The high frequency of the z coordinate signifies that the metal contents differ to a large extent by depth. The sensitivity vector was defined using sensitivity coefficients for x, y, and z coordinates of an estimation point. We determined that the directions of large vectors were different inside and outside of the Hanawa-Ohdate area. This characteristic is considered to originate from the differences in the permeability of fractures that became the paths for rising ore solutions, and the depths that the solutions mixed with sea water.     

加卸载响应比(LURR)理论的实验研究

利用大尺度岩石试件破坏声发射实验，对加卸载响应比(Load/Unload Response Ratio)理论进行了实验研究。实验采用的加载条件力求能够模拟地下岩石的复杂受力过程。在加载过程中，岩石试件内部出现的损伤用声发射技术进行了记录。实验数据经过分析之后所得的结论与加卸载响应比理论预测的结果相符合。把加卸载响应比值Y的变化情况与声发射事件定位的过程相对比，也可以进一步看出岩石材料内部的损伤发展过程与加卸载响应比Y值的变化具有一致性。而高Y值的异常情况出现，又是在材料发生最终破坏之前，所以，可以用加卸载响应比理论定量地分析岩石试件损伤演化情况，从而对岩石材料的破坏及地震做出预测。实验结果再一次验证了加卸载响应比理论。     

地下非均匀非饱和带中地下洞室的渗流问题数值模拟--介质参数的灵敏度分析

影响任何一个地下废物处置场所长期行为的一个重要因素是进入地下废物贮置洞室内的渗流量的大小，预测地下洞室中的渗流量是困难的，特别是当地下废物贮置洞室位于非均质非饱和带中，三维数值模型用于研究地下非均质中非饱和流动及流入地下洞室中的渗流量，讨论了非均质模型与均质模型的比较以及数值剖分尺度对计算结果的影响，进入洞室中的渗漏率随着引入系统中入渗量的增加而增大，选用4个参数来衡量渗流场的非均质程度：(1)介质的平均渗透率K0；(2)Van Genuchten参数α；(3)渗透率空间分布相关尺度；(4)渗透率空间分布变化的标准差σ，根据一个随机实现的渗透率分布，通过改变平均渗透率来研究其对流入洞室中渗透量的影响，对一个固定的入渗率而言，流入洞室中的渗漏率将随着Van Genuchten参数α的减小而减小，模拟结果表明流入洞室的渗漏率与介质的平均渗透率相关，即随平均渗透率的增大，流入洞室的渗漏率亦增大，流入洞室的渗漏率还高度依赖于非均质渗透率场的空间分布相关长度与标准差，一个大的相关长度或高的标准差均能导致流入洞室的渗漏率增大。     

Adjoint Sensitivity Analyses on the Anomalous Circulation Features in East Asian Summer Monsoon

ＡｄｊｏｉｎｔＳｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙＡｎａｌｙｓｅｓｏｎｔｈｅＡｎｏｍａｌｏｕｓＣｉｒｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎＦｅａｔｕｒｅｓｉｎＥａｓｔＡｓｉａｎＳｕｍｍｅｒＭｏｎｓｏｏｎ①ＹａｎｇＹａｎ（杨燕），ＬｉＺｈｉｊｉｎ（李志锦）ａｎｄＪｉＬｉｒｅｎ（纪立人）Ｉ...     

地震模拟振动台振动对建筑物中人体的舒适感的影响分析

本文给出了一种地震模拟振劝台振运对建筑物中人体的舒适感影响的分析方法，并结合实例进行了具体分析。文中给出的分析方法和实例计算结果对于地震馆的设计有一定参考价值。     

井间电阻率层析成象的平滑度约束反演

井间电阻率层析成象是一种探测地下浅部精细结构的物探方法，它主要用于解决工程地质问题。本文采用２．５－Ｄ有限元法，针对井间电阻率层析成象中的ＡＭ观测系统进行了反演成象计算。文中首先计算了灵敏度矩阵，然后给出了一种电阻率层析成象反演算法—平滑度约束反演，理论模型的计算和实际资料的处理，都证明了该算法的有效性     

从天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化估计近百年来该地区夏季升温

通过冰川波动历史来揭示气候变化是一种重要的方法。然而，以往有关这一方面的研究大都是一些定性的。文章试图依据冰种变化来定量的研究气候变化，并且通过近百年来天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川的变化，揭示出本世纪以来该河源地区夏季气温上升约０．２３￣０．２５℃，同时，对于该冰川不同长度规模时的气候敏感性也进行了讨论。     

秦家屯油田储层的敏感性评价

储层的敏感性评价是研究储层损害机理、保护储层或减小储层损害的依据,是搞好油田注水开发的基础。采用岩心流动实验装置,开展了储层敏感性的室内实验。结果表明秦家屯油田储集层对流体速度表现为弱敏感性,对盐敏表现为中等偏弱盐敏性,对酸表现为无敏感性,随着注水速度的增加,岩心的渗透率也随之增大,并未出现“桥堵”和“卡堵”现象,说明储层中不稳定的固相颗粒含量低,不能堵塞地层,油层增产可采用提高注入速度、酸化等措施,油层水敏为中等偏弱到中等偏强,注水前要注入稳定剂。碱敏表现为弱碱敏或中等碱敏,对该区三次采油作业中,尤其是碱水驱油要特别注意。