Abyssal Circulation in the Philippine Sea

The abyssal circulation in the Philippine Sea(PS)is investigated,with outputs from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation version 2.2.4(SODA224).The deep-water currents in SODA224 are carefully evaluated,with sparse in situ observations in the North Pacific Ocean.In the upper deep layer(20003000 m)of the PS,a strong westward current,which originates from the Northeast Pacific Basin and enters the PS through the Yap-Mariana Junction,exists along 1114 N.This strong westward current bifurcates into two western boundary currents off the Philippines.The northward-flowing current flows out of the PS around 2021 N,whereas the southward-flowing current transports deep water from the northern hemisphere to the southern hemisphere.In the lower deep layer(30004500 m),the inflow water first flows northward to the east of the Western Mariana Basin and then turns westward at approximately 18 N.The inflow water mainly enters the Philippine Basin(PB),with a small part turning southward to constitute a weak cyclonic circulation.The water entering the PB mainly merges into a strong southward western boundary current in the south-ern PB.In the bottom layer(below 4500 m),both the northeast and northwest PB show single cyclonic gyres,whereas the south PB shows a single anticyclonic gyre.Moreover,comparisons with the observations indicate the possible existence of a cyclonic sense of circulation over the Philippine Trench.The current study provides the implications for future observations,which are needed to fur-ther investigate the temporospatial variations of the abyssal circulation in the PS on multiple scales.     

GPT3模型反演GNSS大气可降水量精度评定

采用中国区域2017~2018年与GNSS站并址的49个探空站资料对GPT3模型估算的气象参数的精度进行评估,再利用49个GNSS站结合GPT3模型估算的气象参数反演日均大气可降水量PWV,并采用与GNSS站并址的探空站数据对其精度进行评定。实验得出：1）在中国地区,1°分辨率的GPT3模型的精度和稳定性优于5°分辨率,其气压、气温和大气加权平均温度T_m的偏差均值分别为0.73 hPa、1.34 K和－1.67 K,均方根误差均值分别为4.21 hPa、3.75 K和4.15 K;2）利用GPT3模型提供的气温结合Bevis经验公式反演的PWV与GPT3模型提供的Tm反演的PWV精度相当,且2种方法反演的PWV和探空资料实测地表温度反演的PWV呈现很好的一致性,在我国青藏高原和西北地区反演PWV的精度优于我国南方和北方地区。     

Low complexity adaptive equalizers for underwater acoustic communications

Interference signals due to scattering from surface and reflecting from bottom is one of the most important problems of reliable communications in shallow water channels. To solve this problem, one of the best suggested ways is to use adaptive equalizers. Convergence rate and misadjustment error in adaptive algorithms play important roles in adaptive equalizer performance. In this paper, affine projection algorithm （APA）, selective regressor APA（SR-APA）, family of selective partial update （SPU） algorithms, family of set-membership （SM） algorithms and selective partial update selective regressor APA （SPU-SR-APA） are compared with conventional algorithms such as the least mean square （LMS） in underwater acoustic communications. We apply experimental data from the Strait of Hormuz for demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed methods over shallow water channel. We observe that the values of the steady-state mean square error （MSE） of SR-APA, SPU-APA0 SPU-normalized least mean square （SPU-NLMS）, SPU-SR-APA0 SM-APA and SM-NLMS algorithms decrease in comparison with the LMS algorithm. Also these algorithms have better convergence rates than LMS type algorithm.     

集合海浪预报的发展与应用回顾

总结了国内外集合海浪预报的发展及应用现状,现有集合海浪预报的方法及优缺点。以NOAA/NCEP机构为例,给出了集合海浪主流预报产品的种类,通过集合预报产品的分析可以看出,集合海浪预报能够将传统的确定性预报扩展至概率预报领域,可给出更多可能出现的未来状态,能提供单纯确定性预报所不能提供的额外信息,已成为国际上业务化海洋学未来发展的重要方向之一。     

两次暴雨过程的主观及集合预报检验

对各级预报员、集合预报成员在两次暴雨天气中的24 h和48 h降水、温度预报结果分别进行检验。结果表明:降水预报中预报员分级降水TS评分随降水级别增大而减小,所有预报对小雨均有较好的预报。暴雨预报漏报明显,漏报率几乎为100%,然而集合成员中的最大值,对暴雨预报有一定的启示作用,业务工作中应得到重视。针对降水和温度预报总体而言,集合成员中集合平均值和控制预报表现相对优秀,可在业务中作为重要参考。     

An Analysis of Historical and Future Temperature Fluctuations over China Based on CMIP5 Simulations简

The trends and fluctuations of observed and CMIP5-simulated yearly mean surface air temperature over China were analyzed.In general,the historical simulations replicate the observed increase of temperature,but the multi-model ensemble （MME） mean does not accurately reproduce the drastic interannual fluctuations.The correlation coefficient of the MME mean with the observations over all runs and all models was 0.77,which was larger than the largest value （0.65） from any single model ensemble.The results showed that winter temperatures are increasing at a higher rate than summer temperatures,and that winter temperatures exhibit stronger interannual variations.It was also found that the models underestimate the differences between winter and summer rates.The ensemble empirical mode decomposition technique was used to obtain six intrinsic mode functions （IMFs） for the modeled temperature and observations.The periods of the first two IMFs of the MME mean were 3.2 and 7.2,which represented the cycle of 2-7-yr oscillations.The periods of the third and fourth IMFs were 14.7 and 35.2,which reflected a multi-decadal oscillation of climate change.The corresponding periods of the first four IMFs were 2.69,7.24,16.15 and 52.5 in the observed data.The models overestimate the period of low frequency oscillation of temperature,but underestimate the period of high frequency variation.The warming rates from different representative concentration pathways （RCPs） were calculated,and the results showed that the temperature will increase by approximately 0.9℃,2.4℃,3.2℃ and 6.1℃ in the next century under the RCP2.6,RCP4.5,RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios,respectively.     

1960—2010年孝感地区的气温变化特征

根据湖北省孝感气象观测站1960—2010年逐月平均气温数据,利用趋势分析、小波变换、M-K突变检验等方法,研究了孝感市近50年来平均气温的时间变化特征。结果表明：孝感市年平均气温总体以0.017℃/年的速率上升,其中冬、春季上升幅度最为显著,夏季呈微下降趋势。年代际尺度上40年以上的周期振荡起主导作用,年际尺度上主要表现为准4年、准2~4年或准3年的周期变化。1997年是年平均气温发生突变的节点。     

Bias-Corrected Short-Range Ensemble Forecasts for Near-Surface Variables during the Summer Season of 2010 in Northern China

A running mean bias （RMB） correction ap- proach was applied to the forecasts of near-surface variables in a seasonal short-range ensemble forecasting experiment with 57 consecutive cases during summer 2010 in the northern China region. To determine a proper training window length for calculating RMB, window lengths from 2 to 20 days were evaluated, and 16 days was taken as an optimal window length, since it receives most of the benefit from extending the window length. The raw and 16-day RMB corrected ensembles were then evaluated for their ensemble mean forecast skills. The results show that the raw ensemble has obvious bias in all near-surface variables. The RMB correction can remove the bias reasonably well, and generate an unbiased ensemble. The bias correction not only reduces the ensemble mean forecast error, but also results in a better spreaderror relationship. Moreover, two methods for computing calibrated probabilistic forecast （PF） were also evaluated through the 57 case dates： 1） using the relative frequency from the RMB-eorrected ensemble; 2） computing the forecasting probabilities based on a historical rank histogram. The first method outperforms the second one, as it can improve both the reliability and the resolution of the PFs, while the second method only has a small effect on the reliability, indicating the necessity and importance of removing the systematic errors from the ensemble.     

��ͬ�����¼����˲������ıȽ��о����Ľ�

????о???GPS???μ???????????????????????????С???????????????????????????????????????Ч?????ó?????????????????????÷?Χ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????С???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч??????????????     

相似集合预报技术在粤西风场预报中的应用

利用ERA5再分析资料与常规站点观测资料,采用相似集合法(AnEn)对粤西地面风的日平均风速与日最大风速释用进行订正.结果表明:日平均风速与日最大风速订正后的准确性得到明显提高,且在地形复杂的山区也有较好的订正效果.日平均风速的逐日均方根误差总体小于日最大风速,且更为稳定.对比相似成员集合性能,日平均风速各成员也比日最...