物探电法在锦州东港电力有限公司矿泉水水源地勘查的综合应用

锦州东港电力有限公司矿泉水水源地位于辽西中部断陷盆地锦州盆地的北端。地处中新生代上侏罗统及白垩系构成的对称向斜,NNE新华夏系断裂构造经由锦州盆地通过。工作区第四系覆盖6-14m,下伏孙家湾组(K2S)砂质泥岩、砂砾岩和义县组(K1y)火山碎屑岩、英安岩、安山岩及火山凝灰角砾岩。对该区进行地质水文资料综合分析的基础上,采用电阻率联合剖面、高密度电阻率法、电测深(电阻率、衰减时及极化率)多种物探电法综合勘查,确定断裂构造位置、产状及赋水性。经验证获得涌水量312t/d具有商业价值的矿泉水水源地。这一工作方法在辽西火山岩贫水区进行水资源勘查具有推广意义。     

重磁电方法探测内蒙古苏尼特左旗填图区隐伏地质结构

摘要：地球物理方法不仅在发现和勘探隐伏矿体和能源方面发挥着重要作用,而且在区域地质填图中探测隐伏地质结构方面也大有作为,是地质和遥感填图的重要补充。本文阐述了采用重磁电资料研究内蒙古苏尼特左旗６幅１：５万填图区探测隐伏地质结构的工作：（１）推断了隐伏断裂构造;（２）推断了隐伏区岩性;（３）反演了一些局部地质体的几何参数与物性参数,以及前中生代地层顶界面和侏罗纪、白垩纪大型花岗岩体下界面的深度;（４）论述了苏尼特左旗复背斜构造;（５）指出了新的成煤有利地段。     

聚能爆破在石材切割应用中的试验研究

摘 要 简单分析了聚能爆破装药在孔内爆破的力学效应‚阐明了聚能爆破对岩石定向破裂 的控制机理。在聚能爆破切割石材过程中‚聚能射流起到前期切割出定向裂缝的作用‚石材 的最终开裂由后期爆破产生的气体的准静态胀楔作用来完成。通过提高炸药爆速、增大装药 密度等方法可以提高聚能装药爆炸后形成射流的能量和改善聚能爆破切割石材的效果。     

Electromagnetic Studies Of The Lithosphere And Asthenosphere

In geodynamic models of the Earth's interior, the lithosphere and asthenosphere are defined in terms of their rheology. Lithosphere has high viscosity, and can be divided into an elastic region at temperatures below 350 °C and an anelastic region above 650 °C. Beneath the lithosphere lies the ductile asthenosphere, with one- to two-orders of magnitude lower viscosity. Asthenosphere represents the location in the mantle where the melting point (solidus) is most closely approached, and sometimes intersected. Seismic, gravity and isostatic observations provide constraints on lithosphere-asthenosphere structure in terms of shear-rigidity, density and viscosity, which are all rheological properties. In particular, seismic shear- and surface-wave analyses produce estimates of a low-velocity zone (LVZ) asthenosphere at depths comparable to the predicted rheological transitions. Heat flow measurements on the ocean floor also provide a measure of the thermal structure of the lithosphere.Electromagnetic (EM) observations provide complementary information on lithosphere-asthenosphere structure in terms of electrical conductivity. Laboratory studies of mantle minerals show that EM observations are very sensitive to the presence of melt or volatiles. A high conductivity zone (HCZ) in the upper mantle therefore represents an electrical asthenosphere (containing melt and/or volatile) that may be distinct from a rheological asthenosphere and the LVZ. Additionally, the vector propagation of EM fields in the Earth provides information on anisotropic conduction in the lithosphere and asthenosphere. In the last decade, numerous EM studies have focussed on the delineation of an HCZ in the upper mantle, and the determination of melt/volatile fractions and the dynamics of the lithosphere-asthenosphere. Such HCZs have been imaged under a variety of tectonic zones, including mid-ocean ridges and continental rifts, but Archaean shields show little evidence of an HCZ, implying that the geotherm is always below the mantle solidus. Anisotropy in the conductivity of oceanic and continental lithosphere has also been detected, but it is not clear if the HCZ is also anisotropic. Although much progress has been made, these results have raised new and interesting questions of asthenosphere melt/volatiles porosity and permeability, and lithosphere-upper mantle heterogeneity. It is likely that in the next decade EM will continue to make a significant contribution to our understanding of plate tectonic processes.     

地壳介质各向异性电性本构关系讨论

讨论了地壳介质中常见的两类电性各向异性。推导了长波长条件下薄中向异性电导率张量;提出了一种新的电导率物理模型并由此推导了与ＥＤＡ裂隙相适应的各向异性电导率张量。从直流电法和大地电磁测深法的角度分别讨论了这两种电性各向异性所显现的地表视电阻率、阻抗和电位特征。     

Controlling factors on the charging process of oil and gas in the eastern main sub-sag of the Baiyun Sag,Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Mouth Basin

The eastern main sub-sag (E-MSS) of the Baiyun Sag was the main zone for gas exploration in the deep-water area of the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Mouth Basin at its early exploration stage, but the main goal of searching gas in this area was broken through by the successful exploration of the W3-2 and H34B volatile oil reservoirs, which provides a new insight for exploration of the Paleogene oil reservoirs in the E-MSS. Nevertheless, it is not clear on the distribution of “gas accumulated in the upper layer, oil accumulated in the lower layer” (Gas_upper-Oil_lower) under the high heat flow, different source-rock beds, multi-stages of oil and gas charge, and multi-fluid phases, and not yet a definite understanding of the genetic relationship and formation mechanism among volatile oil, light oil and condensate gas reservoirs, and the migration and sequential charge model of oil and gas. These puzzles directly lead to the lack of a clear direction for oil exploration and drilling zone in this area. In this work, the PVT fluid phase, the origin of crude oil and condensate, the secondary alteration of oil and gas reservoirs, the evolution sequence of oil and gas formation, the phase state of oil and gas migration, and the configuration of fault activity were analyzed, which established the migration and accumulation model of Gas_upper-Oil_lower co-controlled by source and heat, and fractionation controlled by facies in the E-MSS. Meanwhile, the fractionation evolution model among common black reservoirs, volatile reservoirs, condensate reservoirs and gas reservoirs is discussed, which proposed that the distribution pattern of Gas_upper-Oil_lower in the E-MSS is controlled by the generation attribute of oil and gas from source rocks, the difference of thermal evolution, and the fractionation controlled by phases after mixing the oil and gas. Overall, we suggest that residual oil reservoirs should be found in the lower strata of the discovered gas reservoirs in the oil-source fault and diapir-developed areas, while volatile oil reservoirs should be found in the deeper strata near the sag with no oil-source fault area.     

松嫩地块东缘和佳木斯地块西缘电性结构

横过松嫩地块东缘和佳木斯地块西缘的大地电磁测深剖面揭示了两块体结合带附近的深部电性结构.本文对剖面测点做了标准化数据处理,并对二维偏离度、构造走向进行了计算和分析,采用非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)二维反演方法对TM模式的数据进行了反演,获得了该剖面的地壳、上地幔电性结构模型,划分出三个典型构造单元:松嫩地块东缘、碰撞拼合带和佳木斯地块西缘.研究结果表明,研究区上地壳基本呈高阻特征,可能为岩浆岩,代表其经历了多期次岩浆作用,而松嫩地块东缘和佳木斯地块西缘的中下地壳的高导体可能与地幔物质的上涌有关;拼合带下方存在西倾的高导体和高阻体,可能是佳木斯地块向西俯冲到松嫩地块下方的构造遗迹;研究区可能发生了拆沉作用,与之伴随的地幔物质上涌可能是后期伸展作用的一个动力.     

基于不等式约束的三维电阻率探测混合反演方法

三维电阻率探测的线性反演和非线性反演中均存在着多解性的固有难题.电阻率线性反演方法的效率较高,但反演结果对初始模型的依赖性较强,易陷入局部极小;而非线性反演方法不依赖初始模型,但搜索效率极低,尚未见到关于三维电阻率非线性反演的文献.针对上述问题,融合线性与非线性反演方法的互补优势,提出了最小二乘法(线性方法)与改进遗传算法(非线性方法)相结合的混合反演方法的概念和思想.首先,提出了将介质电阻率变化范围作为不等式约束引入反演方程的思路,以实现压制多解性、提高可靠性的目标.提出了宽松不等式约束和基于钻孔推断的局部严格不等式约束的获取及定义方法.在此基础上,分别提出了基于不等式约束的最小二乘线性反演方法和遗传算法非线性反演方法.其次,对于遗传算法在变异搜索方向控制、初始群体产生等方面进行了改进,优化了其搜索方向和初始群体多样性.然后,提出了混合反演方法及其实现方案,利用改进遗传算法进行第一阶段反演,发挥其对初始模型的依赖程度低的优势,搜索到最优解附近的空间,输出当前最优个体;利用最小二乘法进行第二阶段反演,将遗传算法得到的当前最优个体作为初始模型,在最优解附近空间执行高效率的局部线性搜索,最终实现地电结构的三维成像.最后,开展了合成数据与实际工程算例验证,与传统最小二乘方法进行了对比,发现混合反演方法在压制多解性、摆脱初始模型依赖和提高反演效果方面有较好效果.