奉节脐橙种植区土壤地球化学特征

在奉节脐橙种植区野外采集表层土壤样进行分析,探讨了土壤中常量元素、主要微量元素及其有效态的地球化学特征。表层土壤中,主要营养指标N、P、Corg含量较高,K含量一般;微量元素Fe、Zn、B分布较均匀,Mn、Mo分布不太均匀,Cu分布不均匀;土壤元素有效态中,有效态P、Mn、Cu、Si、K、Fe含量丰富。     

Occurrence characteristics and controls over mobile fluids in a tight sandstone reservoir

Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology, this paper proposes a new pore structure parameter called ‘effective mobile fluid saturation’, which can account for two factors that influence mobile fluids in pores: the stiction of hydrophilic particulates on the surfaces of pores and the constraints of tiny throats. The new parameter quantifies the effective content of the mobile fluids and compensates for the deficiencies using conventional parameters like ‘mobile fluid saturation’. Pore-throat connectivity is crucial for effective mobile fluid saturation, which reaches its highest point when the sorting coefficient is in the range of 1.5–2.0. Recognition of the pore-throat configuration is crucial in assessing the effectiveness of mobile fluids in tight sandstone reservoirs. Factors that influence the effectiveness of mobile fluids in three types of pore structures are discussed from a diagenetic perspective, including the development of microfractures and secondary pores, recrystallisation, clay mineral precipitation, and other micropore structure characteristics.     

An experimental study of radiative fluxes in the south Bay of Bengal during BOBMEX 1999

Time series measurements of radiative fluxes were made onboard INS Sagardhwani (SD) in the south Bay of Bengal near DS3 (13‡N and 87‡E) during the BOBMEX field experiment. An inter-comparison experiment conducted at DS3 showed that the radiative fluxes measured by Kipp and Zonen, Albedo meter and net Pyrgeometer onboard SD and by Eppley radiometers onboard ORV Sagar Kanya (SK) are well matched. It may be mentioned that the measurements showed consistency and good agreement between SD and SK ships, even though no Gimbal mounting was used for radiation instruments onboard SD. The main aim of the experiment was collection of high quality radiation data during the monsoon period, which can give an insight into the nature of the ocean-atmosphere coupling. The data on the four radiative fluxes collected on SD are averaged at 5 minute intervals and then hourly and daily averages have been computed. The hourly shortwave albedo and the atmospheric transmission factor are also computed and the variation of albedo in relation to the solar altitude and the transmissivity factor (TF) are studied. The mean albedo over the south Bay of Bengal under clear, partly cloudy and overcast skies are found to be 0.05, 0.07 and 0.2 respectively.     

软土压缩过程中固结系数的研究

研究了软土固结系数在压缩过程中随应力水平变化的规律,推导出正常固结和超固结状态下固结系数与固结应力之间的表达式,通过室内渗压试验进一步探讨和验证固结系数这一特点。该结果为数值分析的准确性提供了保证。     

破裂井筒侧摩阻力分析

根据有效应力原理,对破裂井筒详细调查,建立由多个含、隔水层组成的厚表土底部固结沉降井壁侧摩阻力的概化模型。指出这类井壁不仅有负阻力,同时还有正阻力及零阻力井段,它们的分布决定了井壁挤压破裂及拉伸的部位。从有效应力的变化阐明了井壁破坏与降水季节的关系     

构造煤渗透率对温度变化响应规律的试验研究

针对含瓦斯构造煤渗透率与温度变化关系,利用自主研发的含瓦斯煤岩热-流-固耦合三轴渗流试验装置,开展不同应力条件下含瓦斯构造煤原煤样的渗透率与温度变化的试验研究。试验结果表明：（1）在试验温度变化过程中,构造煤样渗透率随温度升高而降低,渗透率与温度变化呈现负指数函数分布规律;（2）在试验温度变化过程中,构造煤渗透率损失率与有效应力符合Boltzmann分布,渗透率损失率存在有效应力门槛值大约为4.515 MPa。渗透率变化主要分为渗透率加速变化与平稳变化两个阶段,构造煤样渗透率从加速阶段过渡到平稳变化温度大约为45 ℃;（3）在温度21～80 ℃范围内,渗透率敏感性系数数量级为10-2,温度变化对构造煤样渗透率影响不显著。同时,有效应力的增加使得温度敏感性系数降低。     

哈萨克斯坦Marsel区块有效烃源岩判别与油气资源潜力评价

哈萨克斯坦marsel区块具有较好的生烃条件但勘探程度较低,且不同阶段对其资源潜力的认识差别较大。烃源岩内有机碳含量TOC常用作有效烃源岩判别和评价的标准,也是成因法计算资源量的关键参数,受烃源岩热演化作用和生排烃作用的影响,其内TOC的含量必然会有所降低,因此基于当前测定的残余TOC评价出的有效烃源岩和计算出的资源量也势必会产生一定误差,进而影响油气勘探决策的部署。为准确地反映marsel区块烃源岩的有效性和资源潜力,本文基于物质平衡原理和TOC恢复系数公式对marsel区块烃源岩内残余TOC进行恢复,根据恢复的结果重新拟定了研究区有效烃源岩判别标准,并计算出石炭系和泥盆系的资源量。结果表明,marsel区块石炭系和泥盆系有效烃源岩TOC下限值分别为0.30%和0.25%;估算可采资源量约为（2.62～5.10）1012m3,平均约为3.791012m3。用恢复后的TOC评价的有效烃源岩分布范围和估算出的可采资源量更能准确反映marsel区块主力层系的实际资源潜力,该方法对于烃源岩热演化程度较高、现今残余TOC较低的低勘探程度研究区具有一定指导意义。     

Using the DPFT approach to improve flash flood forecasting models

DPFT is a lumped approach for operational flash flood forecasting, based on the unit hydrograph. Using a multi-event alternating iterative algorithm, it identifies a robust and stable average transfer function and a consistent set of effective rainfall series associated with each event at the same time. This key ingredient allows an objective calibration of different loss functions, relating gauged precipitation and effective rainfall. A case study based on an operational French basin (545 km²) is presented. Three lumped production functions have been calibrated and compared. The results show that more elaborate models of loss functions must be proposed, and some possible directions for this are pointed out.Presently at the Institut de Ciences de la Terra Jaume Almera, Apartat 30102, 08080 Barcelona, Spain.Presently at EDF-DTG. Service de Ressources en Eau, BP 4348, 31029 Toulouse Cedex, France.