The diel verticalmigration of sound scatterers observed by an acoustic Doppler current profiler in the Luzon Strait from July 2009 to April 2011

Acoustic Doppler current profiler （ADCP） receives echoes from sound scatterers, then their speed is calcu- lated by the Doppler effect. In the open ocean, most of these backscatterers are from the plankton. The sound scatterers descend down to depth at around dawn, their mean speed is 2.9 cm/s, then they ascend up to the surface layer at around dusk with a mean speed of 2.1 cm/s, in the Luzon Strait. The descending speed is faster, which suggests that this zooplankton population may accelerate its downward migration under the action of the gravity. The vertical distribution of a mean volume backscattering strength （MVB- S） in the nighttime has two peaks, which locate near the upper and lower boundary layers of halocline, respectively. However, the backscatterers only aggregate near the surface layer in the daytime. The diel ver- tical migration （DVM） of sound scatterers has several characteristic patterns, it is stronger in summer, but weaker in winter, and the maximum peak occurs in September. The DVM occurrence is synchronous with the seawater temperature increasing at around dawn and dusk, it may affect the ocean mixing and water stratification,     

哈马黑拉涡旋的季节变异研究

利用1992年1月～2006年11月期间的ECCO2海洋同化数据资料,研究了海洋上层50m平均的哈马黑拉涡旋的季节变异特征。结果表明,哈马黑拉涡旋在5月开始出现,7月达到最强,3月和4月消失,这主要取决于新几内亚沿岸流的季节变化。新几内亚沿岸流4～11月为西北向,从12月到次年的2月为东南向。随着西北向新几内亚沿岸流的增强,哈马黑拉涡旋开始出现并增强。而随着西北向新几内亚沿岸流的减弱和反向,哈马黑拉涡旋减弱并消失。同时棉兰老海流在夏季的增强也有利于哈马黑拉涡旋增强。旨在研究哈马黑拉涡旋的季节变异特征及其影响因子,为进一步探讨其垂向结构、年际变异等时空变化特征和该区域的环流特征提供研究基础。     

南海西边界流时空特征初探

利用高分辨率的OFES数据,通过对中南半岛和海南岛沿岸比较有代表性的几个断面进行流速剖面分析和体积输送量计算,初步探讨了南海西边界流的时空特征.结果显示南海西边界流的季节变化特征明显:夏季向北流,冬季向南流,且冬季强于夏季.在体积输送大小上,越南沿岸流的体积输送量大小为(7.4±7.0)Sv,紧邻海南岛的沿岸流大小仅为(0.57±0.5)Sv,112.0°E以东的海南沿岸西边界流体积输送大小约为(4.8±1.9)Sv,并且常年向南流动.夏季的南海西边界流在北上到达中南半岛的东南部以后偏离岸线向东流动.随着夏季风的盛行,离岸流的流速变大,主轴发生了明显的摆动,由14.0°N移动到了10.0°N.离岸流对西边界流有着显著的影响作用.     

Ocean–wave coupled modeling in COAMPS-TC: A study of Hurricane Ivan (2004)

Tropical cyclone ocean–wave model interactions are examined using an ESMF – (Earth System Modeling Framework) based tropical cyclone (TC) version of the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS®¹). This study investigates Hurricane Ivan, which traversed the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in September 2004. Several oceanic and wave observational data sets, including Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) buoys, satellite altimeter data, and Scanning Radar Altimeter (SRA) data, allow for a unique analysis of the coupled atmosphere, ocean (Navy Coastal Ocean Model, NCOM), and wave (Simulating WAves Nearshore, SWAN) models in COAMPS-TC. To determine the feasibility of coupling NCOM to SWAN in high-wind conditions during Hurricane Ivan, near-surface currents in NCOM were first compared to near-surface ADCP observations. Recent modifications to SWAN, including new wind-to-wave energy input and wave-breaking energy dissipation source functions, as well as a new ocean surface drag coefficient formulation appropriate for high-wind conditions, significantly improved the forecast wave field properties, such as significant wave height (SWH), in TC conditions. Further results show that the ocean-to-wave model coupling, which allows for the strong, hurricane-induced, surface currents in NCOM to interact with SWAN, provided additional improvements to the forecast SWH field. Additionally, wave-to-ocean model coupling, which included the input of the Stokes Drift Current (SDC) calculated from the SWAN wave spectra to NCOM, is examined. The models indicate that the SDC was on the order of 10–25% of the near-surface Eulerian current during Ivan. Recent studies of the importance of the SDC and the resulting Langmuir turbulence on vertical ocean mixing in TCs is also discussed.     

Shelf currents,lee-trapped and transient eddies on the inshore boundary of the Agulhas Current,South Africa: their relevance to the KwaZulu-Natal sardine run

The existence and strength of the annual KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) sardine run has long been a conundrum to fishers and scientists alike ― particularly that the sardine Sardinops sagax migrate along the narrow Transkei shelf against the powerful, warm Agulhas Current. However, examination of ship-borne acoustic Doppler current profiler (S–ADCP) data collected during two research surveys in 2005 indicated that northward-flowing coastal countercurrents exist at times between the Agulhas Bank and the KZN Bight, near Port Alfred, East London, Port St Johns and Durban. The countercurrent near Port Alfred extended as far east as the Keiskamma River, within an upwelling zone known to exist there. An ADCP mooring at a depth of 32 m off Port Alfred indicated that the countercurrent typically lasted a few days, but at times remained in the same direction for as long as 10 days. Velocities ranged between 20 and 60 cm s^?1 with maximum values of ～80 cm s^?1. The S–ADCP data also highlighted the existence of cyclonic flow in the Port St Johns–Waterfall Bluff coastal inset, with a northward coastal current similarly ranging in velocity between 20 and 60 cm s^?1. CTD data indicated that this was associated with shelf-edge upwelling, with surface temperatures 2–4 °C cooler than the adjacent core temperature (24–26 °C) of the Agulhas Current. Vertical profiles of the S–ADCP data showed that the countercurrent, about 7 km wide, extends down the slope to at least 600 m, where it appeared to link with the deep Agulhas Undercurrent at 800 m. S–ADCP and sea surface temperature (SST) satellite data confirmed the existence of the semi-permanent, lee-trapped, cyclonic eddy off Durban, associated with a well-defined northward coastal current between Park Rynie and Balito Bay. Analysis of three months (May–July 2005) of satellite SST and ocean colour data showed the shoreward core-boundary of the Agulhas Current (24 °C isotherm) to commonly be close to the coast along the KZN south coast, as well as between the Kei and Mbhashe rivers on the Transkei shelf. The Port St Johns–Waterfall Bluff cyclonic eddy was also frequently visible in these satellite data. Transient cyclonic eddies, which spanned 150–200 km of shelf, appeared to move downstream in the shoreward boundary of the Agulhas Current at a frequency of about once a month. These seemed to be break-away Durban eddies. Data collected by ADCP moorings deployed off Port Edward in 2005 showed that these break-away eddies and the well-known Natal Pulse are associated with temporary northward countercurrents on the shelf, which can last up to six days. It is proposed that these countercurrents off Port Alfred, East London and Port St Johns assist sardine to swim northwards along the Transkei shelf against the Agulhas Current, but that their progress north of Waterfall Bluff is dependent on the arrival of a transient, southward-moving, break-away Durban cyclonic eddy, which apparently sheds every 4–6 weeks, or on the generation of a Natal Pulse. This passage control mechanism has been coined the ‘Waterfall Bluff gateway’ hypothesis. The sardine run survey in June–July 2005 was undertaken in the absence of a cyclonic eddy on the KZN south coast, i.e. when the ‘gate’ was closed.     

Drifter observations of the Gulf of Maine Coastal Current

Two-hundred and twenty seven satellite-tracked drifters were deployed in the Gulf of Maine (GoM) from 1988 to 2007, primarily during spring and summer. The archive of tracks includes over 100,000 km logged thus far. Statistics such as transit times, mean velocities, response to wind events, and preferred pathways are compiled for various areas of the coastal GoM. We compare Lagrangian flow with Eulerian estimates from nearby moorings and evaluate drifter trajectories using Ekman theory and 3-D ocean circulation models.     

多层介质点电流源磁场响应计算

介绍了点电流源层状介质模型磁电阻率法响应的模拟方法。由电流磁场的旋度公式出发,推导了多层介质中点电流源磁场的表达式,其为一个关于空间径向坐标和贝塞尔函数空间波数的二重积分。利用贝塞尔函数的性质可将该二重积分化为标准的贝塞尔积分,然后采用直接数值积分的方法计算该积分。在此过程中通过连分式展开加快积分求和的收敛速度。利用上述方法对海底天然气水合物模型点电流源产生的磁场进行了计算。模型计算结果表明,海底天然气水合物的存在能引起磁场较为明显的相对变化。     

低频含水岩石介电高值成因及改进测量方法

含水岩石在低频下常常呈现高达104以上的介电常数值,数值模拟和实测结果都表明这是由于岩石中存在着传导电流,其具有与外场同相和正交的实、虚部,这二者通过与频率成反比的关系叠加在介电常数上.提出在平行板电容器一极板与被测岩石样品间夹入不导电薄膜的办法来消除传导电流的不利影响.对标准件的测量表明该方法的最大误差在4%以内.用该方法测量淡水饱和岩石样品,结果得到合理适中的介电常数值及清晰明了的介电极化谱.除湿岩石外,该方法还适用于冰、生物肌体等固态导电介质的介电谱研究.     

基于局部加密非结构化网格的三维电阻率法有限元数值模拟

总结了目前常用的结构化网格及其局限性,分析了非结构化网格对复杂地质体边界的适应性和Delaunay三角化算法及其网格加密策略,提出了一种新的局部节点加密方法,实现了对复杂模型的完全非结构化四面体全自动剖分,给出了三维直流电阻率模拟中四面体网格的质量评价标准和最优指标.计算和分析表明,数值解在点电流源及附近的奇异区精度最低,网格加密策略可以有效地减少其影响,极大地提高数值解的精度.本文提出的局部节点加密策略计算量最小,对精度的改善也优于经典方法.在精度要求苛刻或模型十分复杂时,局部体积加密策略和二次单元是高精度模拟的可靠保证.     

时间域航空电磁法激电效应对电磁扩散的影响

由于激发极化效应的影响,时间域航空电磁晚期道信号经常会出现变号现象.基于电阻率的传统反演方法无法对变号数据进行正确反演,因此通常在数据处理中予以剔除.为深入了解极化介质的电磁扩散特征,认识航空瞬变电磁负响应的产生机理,本文研究时间域航空电磁系统的电磁扩散特征.我们以均匀极化、非极化半空间及层状介质模型为例,通过直接积分的方法求解频率域电场响应,并由欧姆定律得到电流响应,再经过汉克尔变换得到时间域电流响应.通过研究电流随时间在地下极化介质中的传播特征研究电磁扩散过程;通过对比不同激电参数对电磁扩散的影响,研究极化介质中感应电流与极化电流的扩散规律,从而合理地解释极化介质中负响应的产生机理.基于本文研究和分析结果,可加深对时间域航空电磁法中激电效应的认识.