数字矿山与煤矿瓦斯监测及预警

围绕煤矿瓦斯监测监控系统的开发与运用,介绍了基于数字矿山技术体系进行煤矿瓦斯监测、分析、显示、智能预警及救灾等方面的主要思路、关键技术、系统功能及应用效果。实践表明,瓦斯涌出量及突出动力现象的发生,受地质、地应力和开采条件等多种因素的影响,瓦斯突出预测所涉及的数据具有多源性、时空性、强变化等特征,GIS技术、虚拟现实技术等空间信息技术在煤矿瓦斯监测与预警中具有很大的应用潜力,能对煤矿瓦斯监测与智能预警研究产生重大变革,构建数字矿山对煤矿安全生产具有巨大的推动作用,效益十分显著。     

重庆合川自流井组植物化石的发现

描述了发现于合川自流井组东岳庙段的三种似木贼植物化石,即Equisetites flus Harris,E．1ateralis(Phillips)和E．columnaris(Brongn．)Phillips。标本保存良好,依据植物和双壳类化石的分布关系,提出自流井组东岳庙段的时代为早侏罗世晚期至中侏罗世早期。同时,分析了东岳庙段的岩相特征和沉积环境。     

Revision of thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls considering frost heave

This paper outlines development of the thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls in artificial ground freezing (AFG). A plain strain mechanical model coupled with infinite surrounding soil and rock ...     

Radiative association in Li+H revisited: the role of quasi-bound states

The role in radiative association of narrow resonances arising from quasi-bound levels is examined. For the rate coefficient the contribution from such levels is readily calculated in terms of the Einstein A -coefficient from bound rovibrational levels generated using a suitable alternative boundary condition. By locating systematically all the quasi-bound levels, an enhancement by more than an order of magnitude of the rate coefficient for Li(2s) + H(1s) association above about 600 K is obtained. The effect on the LiH abundance in the early Universe is no more than an increase of a factor of 3 for limited ranges of values of the redshift. For the Li(2p) state the effect of narrow resonances appears to have been taken into account in previous calculations.     

龙骨坡遗址第7水平层石制品新材料

文章记述并分析了20世纪90年代后期重庆巫山龙骨坡遗址出土于第7水平层的16件石制品,包括若干各具特色的工具类型,如原型手镐、原型薄刃斧、大型尖刃器、直刃砍砸器、凸刃砍砸器、长刃石刀、短刃石刀、刮削器、凿刃器等,反映出石器制作者明确的工作目标和为了达到目标所经历的一个又一个中间过程;说明了当时的人类对工具制作的具体需求和适当利用自然环境的事实。研究证据还体现了大约200万年前华南早期人类工具类型的多样性与特殊性,标志着中国早期人类在当时阶段所达到的技术发展水平。龙骨坡遗址很可能是东亚早期人类文化的一个发祥地。     

基于信息量法的地质灾害气象风险预警模型:以甘肃省陇南地区为例

地质灾害气象风险预警是目前地质灾害防治研究领域的难点和热点。陇南地区是中国地质灾害造成人员财产损失和受灾害威胁最严重的区域之一,为精细化和准确化预报陇南地区地质灾害风险,在ArcGIS平台将研究区划分为250 m×250 m的栅格单元,使用信息量法选取9个影响因素进行地质环境敏感性评价,结合有效降雨量构建地质灾害气象风险预警模型;该模型通过6次历史降雨事件引发的156起地质灾害验证,预报准确率为83.42%,提高了研究区内地质灾害风险预警精度。该研究基于信息量法的地质环境敏感性分区客观合理,综合考虑下垫面和气象要素的第二代预警模型在类似地区的应用,有较高的准确性和适用性。     

用翁氏模型图版设计早期油气田(藏)开发方案

由于缺乏早期资料，设计早期油气田（藏）开发方案是非常困难的。在制作翁氏模型的Qctm/No-ER图版和ER-ctR图版过程提出根据探明储量No、经济极限产量Qc、假定达到峰值产量的时间tm、最终采收率ER，由翁氏模型的Qctm/No-ER图版求取增长指数b，由翁氏模型ER-ctR图版求取ctR，再求出其他参数及所有的油气田（藏）开发指标，完成早期油气田（藏）开发方案设计。     

1961-2012年中国5类主要冰冻天气的气候及变化特征

利用1960/1961-2011/2012年中国有冰冻天气观测且序列完整的1 600多站逐日冰冻现象数据, 研究了中国地区冰冻天气的时空气候变化特征. 结果表明: 年平均霜日数超过180天的地区主要分布在青藏高原东北部、天山、大-小兴安岭一带. 霜日数在我国中北部和青藏高原地区以增加趋势为主, 长江流域及其以南地区为减少趋势. 全国平均的霜日数为显著增长趋势, 超过0.05的显著性水平, 线性增长率达到2.03 d·(10a)^-1, 霜日发生频率增强; 年平均积雪日数超过90 d的地区分布在青藏高原东北部、天山、大-小兴安岭一带. 积雪日数无明显时间变化趋势; 年平均结冰日数超过210 d的地区分布在青藏高原、大兴安岭及天山部分地区. 结冰日数全国范围以减少趋势为主. 全国平均结冰日数有明显的年代际变化趋势, 1980-1990年为结冰日数最多年份; 年平均雾凇日数超过30 d的地区主要在天山地区、大兴安岭地区以及四川峨眉山. 雾凇日数以减少趋势为主, 长江中下游部分地区有增加趋势. 全国平均雾凇日数有显著减少趋势, 超过0.01的显著性水平, 线性递减率达到0.60 d·(10a)^-1; 年平均雨凇日数主要分布在南方云贵高原地区以及长江中下游地区的一些高山区域. 雨凇日数在华北平原地区以减少趋势为主, 长江中下游地区部分站点有增加趋势. 全国平均雨凇日数随时间有弱的增加趋势.     

广西霜日的气候变化特征及其与500 hPa位势高度的关系

在统计广西各站历年霜日总数、初霜、终霜日的基础上 ,分析了广西霜日的气候概况、气候变化特征及与 5 0 0 h Pa位势高度的关系。     

Interannual Thermocline Signals and El Nio-La Nia Turnabout in the Tropical Pacific Ocean

One of the fundamental questions concerning the nature and prediction of the oceanic states in the equatorial eastern Pacific is how the turnabout from a cold water state (La Nina) to a warm water state (El Nino) takes place, and vice versa. Recent studies show that this turnabout is directly linked to the interannual thermocline variations in the tropical Pacific Ocean basin. An index, as an indicator and precursor to describe interannual thermocline variations and the turnabout of oceanic states in our previous paper (Qian and Hu, 2005), is also used in this study. The index, which shows the maximum subsurface temperature anomaly (MSTA), is derived from the monthly 21-year (1980-2000) expendable XBT dataset in the present study. Results show that the MSTA can be used as a precursor for the occurrences of El Nino (or La Nina) events. The subsequent analyses of the MSTA propagations in the tropical Pacific suggest a one-year potential predictability for El Nino and La Nina events by identifying ocean temperature anomalies in the thermocline of the western Pacific Ocean. It also suggests that a closed route cycle with the strongest signal propagation is identified only in the tropical North Pacific Ocean. A positive (or negative) MSTA signal may travel from the western equatorial Pacific to the eastern equatorial Pacific with the strongest signal along the equator. This signal turns northward along the tropical eastern boundary of the basin and then moves westward along the north side of off-equator around 16°N. Finally, the signal returns toward the equator along the western boundary of the basin. The turnabout time from an El Nino event to a La Nina event in the eastern equatorial Pacific depends critically on the speed of the signal traveling along the closed route, and it usually needs about 4 years. This finding may help to predict the occurrence of the El Nino or La Nina event at least one year in advance.