Evolution and driving forces of rural functions in urban agglomeration: A case study of the Chang-Zhu-Tan region

Journal of Geographical Sciences - As the Rural Revitalization Strategy is gradually implemented, China’s rural areas are set to have more diverse function requirements. This paper selects...     

凡纳滨对虾性别分化的初步研究

通过组织学连续切片与扫描电镜观察,研究凡纳滨对虾的性别分化。结果显示:凡纳滨对虾外部形态的性别分化最早发生在仔虾后第37天,此时在扫描电镜下可观察到雄性附肢的芽基,仔虾后第45天,光镜下可观察到交接器;仔虾后第24天出现原始生殖细胞(PGCS),位于背大动脉的两侧及围心腔膜的腹面,细胞个体及细胞核明显比周围的细胞大,具有强嗜碱性,细胞核圆形或椭圆形,核内染色质清晰可见,随着生殖腺的发育,在第43天出现生殖管,第55天生殖腺可区分为精巢和卵巢。     

Genetic diversity and differentiation of three populations of Penaeus monodon Fabricus

Genetic diversity of two wild Penaeus monodon populations sampled from the coastal waters of Qinglan （ Hainan Province of China, HN） and Malaysia （KD）, and the F1 generation of a Thailand broodstock population （CP） were examined by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Of 21 loci encoded by ten enzymes, 11 were polymorphic. The mean proportions of polymorphic loci of HN, KD and CP were 36. 36%, 45.45% and 50.00% , with the average heterozygosities of 0.135, 0.181 and 0.191, and the effective numbers of alleles per loci were 1. 300, 1. 330 and 1. 329, respectively. The divergent indexes of HN, KD and CP were0.023, 0.124, and 0.117, respectively. The genetic distance between the two wild populations was 0.005, and the gene differentiation coefficient was also very low （0.014）. The results indicated that the F1 generation population had a higher genetic diversity than the two wild populations, and that the HN population had the lowest one. There was no significant differentiation between HN and KD populations and all populations existed with a slight heterozygote excess.     

人工繁育大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)群体F2及F3遗传差异分析

利用15对微卫星标记对人工繁育的岱衢族(DQ1和DQ2)、闽-粤东族(MY1和MY2)及正交(DM1和DM2)和反交(MD和MD21)F2及F3连续两代共8个群体的250个样品进行了遗传多样性及遗传差异检测.15个位点在所有检测群体中均为高度多态,共检测等位基因215个.每个位点的平均等位基因数是8.1-11.7,平均观察和期望杂合度分别是0.598-0.790和0.732-0.794.F2和F3代内的等位基因频率无明显差异(P>0.05),而两代间在15个位点的等位基因频率上存在约34.13%的遗传差异;Fst值检测发现,F2的4个群体间的Fst值是0.028-0.067,平均0.0429,F3的Fst值是0.037-0.068,平均0.0535.经过一代繁殖,F2和F3之间的遗传分歧平均增加了1%(0.0106);群体间的N-J聚类图显示,8个群体虽然聚成一族,但是F2和F3之间的遗传距离有增大的趋势.以上结果表明,随着人工选育力度的加强,岱衢族和闽-粤东族大黄鱼群体间的遗传距离由近及远,遗传分歧有加大的趋势.     

我国东南沿海日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)4 个养殖群体遗传分化及其遗传结构分析

对我国东南沿海日本囊对虾的4个养殖群体广东群体(GD)、台湾群体(TW)、福建群体(FJ)和浙江群体(ZJ)的线粒体细胞色素b基因片段进行PCR扩增,对产物进行测序后分析。经比对获得552bp的核苷酸序列,发现了52个变异位点,得到了50种单倍型。广东、台湾、福建和浙江群体的核苷酸多样性依次分别为0.0082、0.0044、0.0137、0.0045,各群体均存在较好的单倍型多态性和核苷酸多态性。群体遗传分化分析表明各群体间保持着一定的遗传差异,其中福建群体与其它群体之间存在明显的遗传分化。采用MEGA软件计算了群体间的遗传距离,福建群体与广东群体间的遗传距离最远0.012,台湾群体与浙江群体间的遗传距离最小为0.005。以其它4种对虾为外群构建了4个群体的NJ系统进化树,结果显示台湾群体与浙江群体最先聚为一组群。     

红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)种群遗传变异与遗传分化的初步研究

研究了我国红树林分布区内3个木榄种群的遗传变异和遗传分化.在种水平和种群水平上,期望杂合度分别为0.293和0.268,观察杂合度分别为0.2745和0.2705.种群间遗传多样性为0.0830,表明总的遗传变异中有8.3%来自种群间.基因流较为顺畅,为3.34.     

甲壳动物造血机制研究进展

血细胞是甲壳动物的免疫细胞,可通过吞噬、包囊、结节、黑化,以及分泌免疫活性分子等方式杀死和清除入侵的病原体。活跃的造血机能对更新和补充损耗的循环血细胞、维持一个稳定有效的免疫系统是至关重要的。相对脊椎动物而言,人们对包括甲壳动物在内的无脊椎动物的造血机制了解比较有限。本文总结了近年来在甲壳动物造血机制方面的研究进展,主要介绍了血细胞的类型和功能、造血组织的结构和细胞组成、血细胞的分化途径、造血的调控机制,以及相关的细胞模型和体外实验技术等。并在此基础上分析了已有研究存在的缺陷,提出了需要进一步探究的问题。     

近20年来中国滨海地带区域经济分异特点研究

以地级行政区为地域单元,采用多指标综合作为衡量指标,对中国滨海地带经济地域分异特征即经济发展水平的峰谷相间特征进行了研究。首先研究了峰谷相间地域格局的发育过程;然后探讨了区域产业结构和城市化水平的时序演化特征;最后总结了上述时序过程和空间过程的时空关联特征。研究的结果表明,中国滨海地带已经形成了区域之间、区域组合之间、南与北之间多层次的地域经济分异。     

中国西部生态脆弱地区景观生态位的时空差异——以陕北延安地区为例

In this study, we attempt to put forward a conception of landscape ecological niche, enlightened by international scholars on extending the ecological niche theory from spatial niche to functional niche. That is helpful for comprehensively appraising landscape spatial patterns and ecological functions, also, presents a new method for analyzing landscape features from multidimensional aspects. The practice process is demonstrated by taking Yan’an region in northwestern China as a case. Firstly, the indices system including spatial attribute and functional attribute is established for assessing landscape ecological niche. Additionally, two-dimensional figures are drawn for comparing the spatio-temporal features of landscape ecological niche in 1987 and 2000 among the 13 administrative counties. The results show that from 1987 to 2000, towards Yan’an region, spatial attribute value of landscape ecological niche changes from 1.000 to 1.178 with an obvious increment, and functional attribute value changes from 0.989 to 1.069 with a little increment, both of which enhance the regional landscape ecological niche. Towards each county, spatial attribute value of landscape ecological niche increases to different extent while functional attribute value changes dissimilarly with an increment or a decrement.