地震勘探中的时间-暴光声学

本文提出用于地下成像无源地震方法的分析,在该方法中应用环境地震噪声作为地下散射体的照明源。该成像算法能够以递归方式将新的数据融入到成像中,这使成像背景噪声随时间减少。在空间域不相干环境背景噪声的假设前提下推导出成像算法的点-扩展函数。点-扩展函数表征成像的分辨率,即接收排列长度和环境带宽的函数。     

副热带高压强度变化的模糊聚类诊断预测

采用模糊C均值聚类 (FCM)、遗传算法 (GA) 和模糊减法聚类 (FSC) 交叉融合、优势互补思想进行副热带高压影响因子的综合聚类分析和副热带高压指数的诊断预测。在统计分析的基础上, 通过选择若干与副热带高压指数关系密切的影响因子构成了高维特征空间, 进行了综合聚类分析, 实现了副热带高压指数的聚类判别和诊断预测。该文提出的综合聚类方法既可克服FCM/GA算法全局/局部寻优的不足, 又可客观确定聚类数目。试验结果表明, 该方法具有良好的分类效果, 判别结果与实况基本相符。     

三角形约束下影像匹配的算法实现

针对三角形约束下影像匹配方法的实际应用,分析了所采用的数据结构与Delaunay三角网动态更新,提出了一种高效的实现算法,实际应用验证了其实现的有效性。     

基于智能遗传算法和Otsu法的多目标图像分割方法

介绍了一种基于智能遗传算法和Otsu法的多目标图像分割方法,实现了对多目标影像相对传统算法更快速、稳定的分割。     

Optimization strategies for sediment reduction practices on roads in steep,forested terrain

Many forested steeplands in the western United States display a legacy of disturbances due to timber harvest, mining or wildfires, for example. Such disturbances have caused accelerated hillslope erosion, leading to increased sedimentation in fish‐bearing streams. Several restoration techniques have been implemented to address these problems in mountain catchments, many of which involve the removal of abandoned roads and re‐establishing drainage networks across road prisms. With limited restoration funds to be applied across large catchments, land managers are faced with deciding which areas and problems should be treated first, and by which technique, in order to design the most effective and cost‐effective sediment reduction strategy. Currently most restoration is conducted on a site‐specific scale according to uniform treatment policies. To create catchment‐scale policies for restoration, we developed two optimization models – dynamic programming and genetic algorithms – to determine the most cost‐effective treatment level for roads and stream crossings in a pilot study basin with approximately 700 road segments and crossings. These models considered the trade‐offs between the cost and effectiveness of different restoration strategies to minimize the predicted erosion from all forest roads within a catchment, while meeting a specified budget constraint. The optimal sediment reduction strategies developed by these models performed much better than two strategies of uniform erosion control which are commonly applied to road erosion problems by land managers, with sediment savings increased by an additional 48 to 80 per cent. These optimization models can be used to formulate the most cost‐effective restoration policy for sediment reduction on a catchment scale. Thus, cost savings can be applied to further restoration work within the catchment. Nevertheless, the models are based on erosion rates measured on past restoration sites, and need to be updated as additional monitoring studies evaluate long‐term basin response to erosion control treatments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于遗传算法的道路网综合模型

提出了一种基于遗传算法的道路网综合模型。实验表明，该模型在保持道路网的空间分布性和实用性方面具有庭好的效果。     

多父体杂交演化算法求解约束优化问题

提出了一种求解约束函数优化问题的新算法。设计了3种新的多父体杂交算子。这3种算子都使用了统计信息来决定搜索方向，使算法具有较高的收敛速度，同时又具有互补的特性，使得种群在演化过程中能保持较好的多样性，不容易陷入局部最优。对常见测试函数的数值实验证实了新方法的有效性、通用性和稳健性，其性能优于现有的一些演化算法。     

RTL时间扫描方法在冀鲁豫交界地区的应用研究

“区域-时间-长度算法”(region-time-lengthalgorithm,简称RTL算法)是一种检测地震活动水平相对变化的计算方法,利用该算法对冀鲁豫交界地区1980年以来的ML5.0以上地震进行了回顾性检验,发现震前都达到了VRTL异常指标,说明该地区ML5以上地震前,地震活动水平相对于背景活动水平都有明显变化。通过RTL算法对异常进行量化,对以后该区的5级以上地震活动情况具有一定的预报能力。     

Genetic algorithm in seismic waveform inversion and its application in deep seismic sounding data interpretation

A genetic algorithm of body waveform inversion is presented for better understanding of crustal and upper mantle structures with deep seismic sounding （DSS） waveform data. General reflection and transmission synthetic seismogram algorithm, which is capable of calculating the response of thin alternating high and low velocity layers, is applied as a solution for forward modeling, and the genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal solution of the inverse problem. Numerical tests suggest that the method has the capability of resolving low-velocity layers, thin alternating high and low velocity layers, and noise suppression. Waveform inversion using P-wave records from Zeku, Xiahe and Lintao shots in the seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction survey along northeastern Qinghai-Xizang （Tibeteau） Plateau has revealed fine structures of the bottom of the upper crust and alternating layers in the middle/lower crust and topmost upper mantle.     

高填石路堤蠕变本构模型及其参数反演分析与应用

结合高填石路堤工后沉降变形机理与工程特点，基于工程实测数据，提出了高填石路堤工后沉降蠕变变形的双曲线型三参数本构模型，并引进遗传算法与有限元分析理论，建立了该模型参数的反演分析方法。在此基础上，利用蠕变有限元分析手段，深入探讨了高填石路堤工后沉降的分析计算方法，并开发了相应的分析计算软件。结合某高填石路堤工程实践，探讨了高填石路堤双曲线三参数蠕变本构模型和高填石路堤工后沉降计算的应用方法。工程实例分析表明，提出的本构模型及其工后沉降计算方法简单，可以满足工程要求，初步建立了一种新的高填石路堤工后沉降计算方法。