Internal structure of a trough blowout, determined from migrated ground-penetrating radar profiles

Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) was used to investigate the relationship between the geomorphological development of a large aeolian trough blowout and the stratigraphy and internal sedimentary structure of its associated deposits. Although analogous, many of the data‐processing techniques routinely applied in seismic reflection are very rarely applied in GPR studies. In this study, a simple migration program was used that significantly enhanced the quality of GPR images from a large trough blowout at Raven Meols on the Sefton coast, northwest England. These improvements aided subsequent data interpretation, which was achieved through application of the principles of radar stratigraphy. GPR shows the pre‐blowout dunes to have a complex internal structure that suggests they were formed in the presence of at least a partial vegetation cover. Subsequent to stabilization of these dunes a thin soil developed. This dune soil forms an important radar sequence boundary and delineates a complex topography beneath the depositional lobe of the blowout. The internal structure of the depositional lobe of the blowout does not conform to a model of simple radial foreset deposition, as derived from contemporary process studies reported in the literature. Instead, the pattern of deposition has been extensively modified by the antecedent dune topography and by varying spatial and temporal exposure to important sand‐transporting winds that is partly controlled by interactions between the regional wind pattern and local dune morphology. Trough blowout deposits in coastal aeolian sedimentary sequences are likely to be recognized by the presence of laterally continuous packets of relatively high‐angle cross‐strata, which often display a spatially‐variable radial dip pattern that is only very poorly or partially developed. In addition, a soil, or other surface representing a significant hiatus in dune deposition, is likely to underlie the blowout deposits, the topography of which will show a clear relationship to the dip and orientation of the overlying cross‐strata.     

地质雷达图像中地面干扰的识别与去除

地质雷达作为一种工程物的新方法，应用前景十分广阔，而在实际工作中，有时会受到地面物体的反射电磁波干扰，给图像的分析带来一定困难；在实际工作中，可以根据电磁波速的求取来识别信息的来源，而把干扰信息去除。     

多普勒速度图暴雨判据和短时预报工具研究

对3824-C波段全相参多普勒天气雷达1995-1999年径向速度场资料中逆风区进行统计分析，认为近距离逆风区可成为暴雨短时预报的一个有参考价值的判据，并给出人机交互识别逆风区工具的设计和实现方法。     

天气雷达天馈系统损耗的测量

根据微波测量的基本原理，利用雷达台站现有的仪器设备，介绍了对天气雷达达天馈系统的插入损耗进行定量测量的方法和注意事项，并给出了713C天气协达的天馈系统的测量结果。     

双基地多普勒雷达在云内风场探测中的应用研究

与双多普勒雷达联合观测相比，双基地多普勒雷达价格低廉，易于观测和维持，并且可以同时探测到不同方向的径向速度，利用它探测的资料可以很好地反演出风场的三维结构。但它的探测范围小，由于双基地多普勒雷达采用了低增益的天线系统，它易受到雷达波旁瓣和多次散射的影响；同时，它对频率的稳定要求更高，在时间同步等方面还有很多问题需要研究。比基地多普勒雷达技术是一种很有应用潜力的探测手段。     

Ice Sheet And Satellite Altimetry

Since 1991, the altimeters of the ERS European Satellites allow the observation of 80% of the Antarctica ice sheet and the whole Greenland ice sheet: They thus offer for the first time a unique vision of polar ice caps. Indeed, surface topography is an essential data thanks to its capacity to highlight the physical processes which control the surface shape, or to test models. Moreover, the altimeter is also a radar which makes it possible to estimate the snow surface or subsurface characteristics, such as surface roughness induced by the strong katabatic wind or ice grain size. The polar ice caps may not be in a stationary state, they continue to respond to the climatic warming of the beginning of the Holocene, that is 18000 years ago, and possibly start to react to present climatic warming: the altimeter offers the unique means of estimating the variations of volume and thus the contribution of polar ice caps to present sea level change.     

东亚赤道异常区电离层CT诊断──实验及初步结果

国际上第一个低纬电离层层析（ＣＴ）探测台链于１９９３年１１月建成，并开始数据采集．该ＣＴ台链沿１２０°Ｅ子午圈由６个卫星信标差分多普勒接收站组成，北起我国上海，南至菲律宾的马尼拉，纬度覆盖范围约２０°．该台链专为电高层赤道异常区电子密度大尺度结构ＣＴ成像而设计，其目的是监测研究赤道异常形态与动力学、电离层等离子体泡、行优以及暴时磁层－电离层－热层耦合过程等重要的赤道与低纬区电离层现象．本文介绍该低纬电离层ＣＴ实验的有关技术问题，包括接收台站布设、实验设备、数据采集软件和数据预处理方法．文中还给出利用ＣＴ技术，由实测斜电子含量数据反演电离层电子密度二维分布图像的几个实例．结果表明，利用低纬电离层ＣＴ台链可以有效地监测电离层赤道异常及其它低纬电高层电子密度大尺度结构的时空变化．     

关于Doppler雷达VAD技术的讨论

Doppler雷达VAD技术可以从距离圈上的Doppler速度随方位角的分布廓线中提取背景风场的散度。但是，通常Doppler雷达观测到的距离圈上的Doppler速度一般都是不完整的。为了计算散度，必须插补上所有缺侧方位上的Doppler速度，这就使应用VAD技术得到的散度带有不客观的成分。该文利用Doppler速度随方位角的分布具有一阶简谐曲线的特点，提出了用对称法计算散度的方法，从而避免了对Doppler速度方位廓线进行人为插值。文中还针对用VAD技术计算出的不同高度上不同水平面积的散度量级不同的问题，提出了对散度进行面积修正的方法。     

单部多普勒天气雷达对降水中垂直流场结构的探测研究

该文提出用单部多普勒天气雷达距离高度扫描（RHI）的探测资料，从大气运动连续方程出发，在实际流场的二维假设下，反演雷达探测区域内的垂直剖面流场结构。通过个例试验表明，反演结果比较合理。该方法可供多普勒天气雷达探测研究应用。     

基于2014～～2017年Ka毫米波雷达数据分析北京地区云宏观分布特征

本文利用2014年1月至2017年12月Ka毫米波雷达数据对北京地区云宏观特征进行统计分析。云出现率方面，4年平均值约36.3%；冬季最低，夏季最大；月出现率值9月最大，12月最小；出现率日变化有季节差异，春夏两季呈现中午（11:00，北京时间，下同）开始逐步升高至下午17:00后逐步下降的特点，增高幅度大于15%；冬、秋两季日变化特征不显著。高度方面，4年平均云底高约4.9 km，平均云顶高约7.2 km；云顶高和云底高的月变化特征明显，从年初1月开始逐步上升，在6月达到峰值，而后下降到12月达到低值；3～10月，高云（云底高>5 km)占约一半左右比例；厚度小于1 km的云在各月中所占比例最高；厚度1～4 km的云，厚度越大所占比例越低；特别地，厚度大于4 km的云所占比例在4～9月中仅次于厚度小于1 km云的比例。4年期间，北京地区单层云居多约占66.7%，两层云占比约25.2%，两层以上云占8.1%；冬季约80%的云为单层云，而6～9月云层分布变化最多，其中9月单层云比例最低约为40%。本文基于4年高时空分辨率雷达数据对北京地区云分布特征，特别是云垂直分布特征在数值上准确刻画，该项工作在已有云气候研究中尚未见开展，所获得的知识将对了解地区气候特征、区域模式云参数化选择提供参考。