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91.
山东省干旱演变规律及其影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用近500年旱涝资料分析了干旱对山东省农业,工业及环境的危害。利用功率谱和模糊判别函数研究了旱涝的周期性和阶段性,指出旱涝的演变规律可为气候预测提供依据。 相似文献
92.
1995年,我国大部地区降水正常或偏多,但季节分配不均。春季,北方干旱范围较大,陕、甘等省冬春夏连旱,旱情严重。汛期,江南及东北南部暴雨频繁,赣、湘、辽、吉等省发展严重洪涝。全国大部地区热量比较充足,但光照条件欠佳,部分地区作物遭受低温寡照或霜冻危害。登陆台风和热带风暴偏多,两广局地损失严重。部分地区遭受风雹或沙尘暴袭击。 相似文献
93.
1995年,世界气候普遍偏暖。欧亚大陆大部、北美大陆中部、南美大陆中部、非洲西北部的年平均气温大多偏高1-2℃,其中俄罗斯大部、美国西南部显著偏高,部分地区偏高4℃,北半球中高纬度地区冬暖非常显著。由于北半球中纬度地区,许多测站气温高达35-40℃,为近几十年乃至百年一遇。年内,全球许多地区旱涝频繁,诸如年初欧洲的暴风雪与美国加利福尼亚洲的特大洪水及夏季朝鲜、与中南半岛的大水灾、加勒比海的飓风等危 相似文献
94.
Spatial variability of the annual rainfall over drier regions of India is studied by examining the variations in the arid areas. A long period (1871–1984) arid area series has been prepared for the entire country, including the two broad subregions of North India and Peninsular India, using annual rainfall data from 306 well distributed stations. Following an objectively determined criterion based on rainfall amount alone, the yearly area under arid conditions is obtained by totalling areas which received annual rainfall totals less than 560 mm. The interannual variability of the arid area series is large and its distribution is highly right-skewed, demonstrating large spatial variations in the annual rainfall over India. Statistical tests do not suggest any significant long-term trend in the arid area series, but persistently low values of the arid area after 1941 are noteworthy. Implications for the study of risk analysis and assessment of drought and desertification processes are discussed. 相似文献
95.
96.
Khouloud Gader Ahlem Gara Marnik Vanclooster Slaheddine Khlifi Mohamed Slimani 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(8):1300-1315
ABSTRACT Predicting the impacts of climate change on water resources remains a challenging task and requires a good understanding of the dynamics of the forcing terms in the past. In this study, the variability of precipitation and drought patterns is studied over the Mediterranean catchment of the Medjerda in Tunisia based on an observed rainfall dataset collected at 41 raingauges during the period 1973–2012. The standardized precipitation index and the aridity index were used to characterize drought variability. Multivariate and geostatistical techniques were further employed to identify the spatial variability of annual rainfall. The results show that the Medjerda is marked by a significant spatio-temporal variability of drought, with varying extreme wet and dry events. Four regions with distinct rainfall regimes are identified by utilizing the K-means cluster analysis. A principal component analysis identifies the variables that are responsible for the relationships between precipitation and drought variability. 相似文献
97.
ABSTRACT Hydrological drought is currently underrepresented in global monitoring systems, mainly due the shortage of near real-time estimates of river discharge at the global scale. In this study, the outputs of the Lisflood model are used to define a low-flow drought index, which shows a good correspondence with long-term records of the Global Runoff Data Centre in the period 1980–2014, as well as with verified information from the literature on six major drought events (covering different regions and watershed sizes). In contrast, the near real-time simulation (from 2015 onward) provides temporally inconsistent estimates over about 20% of the modelled cells (mostly over South America and Central Africa), even if reasonable results are obtained over other regions, as confirmed by intercomparison with the operational outcomes of the European Drought Observatory for the 2018 drought. In spite of the highlighted limitations, valuable information for operational drought monitoring can be retrieved from these simulations. 相似文献
98.
黄淮海平原冬小麦生长期旱情分析 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
黄淮海平原降水较少且年际、季际变化大,因此水分供应状况成为该区作物,特别是以冬春季为主要生育期的冬小麦的主限制因素。鉴于作物实际蒸散量与潜在蒸散量关系依赖于作物生长状况和土壤水分的事实,提出反映作物缺水状况的干旱指标———作物水分胁迫指数(CWSI)。计算黄淮海平原冬小麦生长期间的CWSI,并分析其在自然降水条件及适量灌溉条件下的时空分异规律 相似文献
99.
利用中国西南地区云、贵、川、渝四省市95个气象台站1961-2017年逐日气温和降水量数据及NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,计算了57年来西南地区春季季节尺度标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),分析了西南地区春季干旱时空变化特征、干旱的异常环流特征及异常海温分布特征。结果表明,1961-2017年中国西南地区西部变暖变湿,东部变暖变干;SPEI指数存在明显的年代际变化特征;西南地区SPEI指数主模态呈整体一致分布,第二模态呈东西反相分布;对流层低层自西南地区的异常东北气流及青藏高原南侧的异常东风气流不利于源于印度洋和孟加拉湾的水汽向西南地区输送,200hPa副热带西风急流异常对西南地区干旱有重大影响,200hPa上西南地区表现异常辐合,配合中层显著的异常下沉运动,容易造成西南地区干旱;太平洋、印度洋海温异常,会影响大气环流,进而影响西南地区的旱涝情况。 相似文献
100.
The relationship between the length of the solar cycle, a good indicator of long-term change in solar activity, and natural disasters (drought, flood, and strong earthquakes) in China during the last 108 years is analyzed. The results suggest that the length of solar cycle may be a useful indicator for drought/flood and strong earthquakes. When the solar activity strengthens, we see the length of the solar cycle shorten and more floods occur in South China and frequent strong earthquakes happen in the Tibetan Plateau,but the droughts in East China as well as the strong earthquakes in Taiwan and at the western boundary of China are very few. The opposite frequencies occur when the solar activity weakens. The current study indicates that the solar activity may play an important role in the climate extremes and behavior in the lithosphere. 相似文献