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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SERIOUSLY POLLUTED CITIES IN CHINA——Taking Benxi City as an Example

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川渝地区夏季降水变化气候特征分析

利用川渝地区34站1960—2006年共计47年的逐月降水量资料,采用经验正交函数（BOF）分解、旋转经验正交函数（REOF）分解、小波分析等方法详细讨论了川渝地区夏季降水量的时空变化特征。结果表明：川渝地区夏季降水量时空分布不均,川渝地区夏季降水量可以分为3个区,分别是川西高原区、盆地中部区和盆地东部区。近50年来,川渝地区夏季降水量具有显著不同的年代际变化特征,川西高原和盆地东部夏季降水量长期变化呈增加的趋势,而盆地中部呈减少的趋势。川渝各区夏季降水量具有显著不同的多时间尺度的周期变化特征,其中川西高原具有准15年和准5年的周期变化特征,盆地中部具有准14年、准6年和准3年的周期变化,盆地东部具有准16年、准8年和准3年的周期变化特征。     

济南市地质灾害基本规律与发展态势

济南市地处鲁中山区北侧的山区与平原交接地带,地形地貌变化较大,地质构造复杂,地质灾害较多。通过调查,全市共排查出地质灾害隐患点71处。近年来,随着人口的持续增长、人类工程活动的加剧,地质灾害在一些地区呈不断发展的趋势。进入21世纪,全市因地质灾害造成的直接经济损失达300多万元。因此,加强地质灾害防治是当前的一项十分紧迫的工作。     

Sensitive response of desert vegetation to moisture change based on a near-annual resolution pollen record from Gahai Lake in the Qaidam Basin, northwest China

We present a 50-year pollen record at near-annual resolution from Gahai Lake in the Qaidam Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Chronology of a 22-cm short core was established by ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs analysis. The pollen results at 0.5 cm intervals show large changes in Artemisia/Chenopodiaceae (A/C) ratios from < 0.2 to 0.95 in the last 50 years. High (low) A/C ratios represent increase (decrease) in steppe pollen production, which correspond to high (low) relative humidity observed at nearby Delingha weather station. On the basis of good correspondence with instrumental records and carbonate content from Gahai Lake, we conclude that A/C ratio is sensitive to moisture change and can be a very useful index in reconstructing paleoclimate of arid regions. Comparison with pollen and snow accumulation data from Dunde ice core suggests that effective moisture at low and high elevations shows the opposite relationship when mountain precipitation was extremely high, possibly due to topography-induced uplifting and subsiding air dynamics.     

A novel dynamic stretching solution to eliminate saturation effect in NDVI and its application in drought monitoring

The normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) is one of the key input variables for developing drought indices.However,the NDVI quickly saturates in high vegetation surfaces,and thus,the generalization of a drought index over different ecosystems becomes a challenge.This paper presents a novel,dynamic stretching algorithm to overcome the saturation effect in NDVI.A scaling transformation function to eliminate saturation effects when the vegetation fraction(VF) is large is proposed.Dynamic range adjustment is conducted using three coefficients,namely,the normalization factor(a),the stretching range controlling factor(m),and the stretching size controlling factor(e).The results show that the stretched NDVI(S-NDVI) is more sensitive to vegetation fraction than NDVI when the VF is large,ranging from 0.75 to 1.00.Moreover,the saturation effect in NDVI is effectively removed by using the S-NDVI.Further analysis suggests that there is a good linear correlation between the S-NDVI and the leaf area index(LAI).At the same time,the proposed S-NDVI significantly reduces or even eliminates the saturation effect over high biomass.A comparative analysis is performed between drought indices derived from NDVI and S-NDVI,respectively.In the experiment,reflectance data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) products and in-situ observation data from the meteorological sites at a regional scale are used.In this study,the coefficient of determination(R2) of the stretched drought index(S-DI) is above 0.5,indicating the reliability of the proposed algorithm with surface soil moisture content.Thus,the S-DI is suggested to be used as a drought index in extended regions,thus regional heterogeneity should be taken into account when applying stretching method.     

基于CMONOC建立和评估中国大陆地壳运动速度场模型

针对现有速度场模型采用数据少、现势性不强的问题,详细论述了速度场模型建立的数据获取与处理方法,利用中国大陆地壳运动监测网络中260个连续运行基准站2011~2015年的连续观测数据,采用GAMIT/GLOBK与GMT软件,获得高精度的定位及速度成果,并基于上述速度成果采用克里金插值法构建了中国大陆地壳运动速度场1°×1°格网模型。最后利用IERS公布的中国区域7个IGS站实测速度以及全国范围内均匀分布的陆态网络区域站实测速度,对模型内插结果进行检核,验证了模型的现势性、精确性和可靠性。     

MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛的合成、表征及催化性能

以β分子筛为前驱体,水玻璃和硫酸铝为外加硅铝源,采用二元混合表面活性剂为结构导向剂,水热晶化合成MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛,并利用XRD、SEM、TEM、N2吸附—脱附和Py-IR等对复合分子筛进行表征,以十氢萘为模型化合物考察复合样品的催化裂解反应性能.结果表明:MCM-41/β介孔—微孔复合分子筛中存在MCM-41分子筛六方介孔结构和β分子筛微孔结构,对十氢萘具有较强的催化反应活性,催化裂解转化率为93.16%.     

青藏高原典型植被生长季遥感模型提取分析

物候变化是衡量全球气候变化最直接、敏感的指示器,针对青藏高原这个独特地域单元上特殊的高寒植被进行关键物候期遥感提取模型及植被物候时空变化的研究具有重要的意义。本文首先以反距离加权空间插值算法与Savitzky-Golay滤波算法相结合的数据重建模型获得高质量2003-2012年青藏高原MODIS归一化植被指数(NDVI)数据。在此数据基础上,分别利用动态阈值法、最大变化斜率法、logistic曲线拟合法3种遥感植被生长季提取模型,对青藏高原地区两种典型植被的生长季(SOS生长季开始期,EOS生长季结束期,LOS生长季长度)进行提取。通过对3种模型提取结果的对比分析,并结合日均温模型对提取结果的验证发现,动态阈值法为青藏高原地区典型植被生长季的最优遥感提取模型。该模型对近10 a的高分辨率典型高寒植被物候参量的反演及时空变化特征分析表明,受青藏高原水热及海拔梯度的影响,青藏高原植被物候变化呈现出从东南向西北的空间分异规律,随春季温度的升高,近10 a来青藏高原高寒草地总体呈现生长季开始期(SOS)提前(0.248 d/a)的趋势。