藏北地区三种时序NDVI重建方法与应用分析

遥感植被指数时间序列数据集,已广泛应用于陆地生态环境变化监测与模拟、植被覆盖动态变化分析、植被物候特征识别与信息提取等多方面的研究.但其因受遥感器采集与传输过程、大气条件、地面状况等诸多因素的影响,时序NDVI数据包含各种噪声,因此研究者们发展了一系列时间序列曲线重建方法.本文对近年来提出或改进的重建算法原理、优缺点进...     

基于PPP和双差网解法的GNSS水汽反演效果分析

基于2021年5—7月GPS卫星资料,采用精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)和双差网解两种算法进行了大气可降水量（Precipitable Water Vapor,PWV）反演,利用同址探空水汽资料,对比分析了PPP算法与双差网解法计算的PWV反演精度。结果表明,PPP算法和双差网解法反演出的PWV随时间变化的趋势基本一致。两种算法反演出的PWV结果合理,与探空PWV相比,采用PPP和双差网解两种算法反演的PWV相对偏差均小于2.4 mm、绝对偏差在4 mm以下,均方差约4 mm,与探空PWV相关系数均在0.87以上,均能较好地反映大气中水汽含量的变化情况,两种算法均具备较强的水汽反演能力,双差网解法反演的PWV在相关性、精度上略优于PPP算法。PPP算法可实现单站水汽高时间分辨率反演,对于获取台站高时效、高精度的大气水汽探测产品具备优势。     

高层建筑物的防雷接地和屏蔽探讨

依据在广东地区的调查资料和三水的高层建筑通信大楼的雷击试验结果,把高层建筑物作为一个防雷系统工程来探讨,对吸引半径、屏蔽效果、屏蔽角、框架阻抗、幅射电阻、转移电位和接地系统等7个问题进行了分析计算。得出以下结论：高层建筑物的吸引半径较大,其接闪装置宜用吸引上行雷的垂直避雷针;高层建筑物的屏蔽角不大。与其相邻的建筑物也应...     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地下水中锰的不确定度评定

本文对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地下水中锰含量的不确定度进行了评定,标准曲线采用双误差拟合法,建立了不确定度评定模型,对测定地下水样品中锰含量的不确定度作了评估。     

Application of a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach on geomechanical problems involving large deformations

Geotechnical boundary value problems involving large deformations are often difficult to solve using the classical finite element method. Large mesh distortions and contact problems can occur due to the large deformations such that a convergent solution cannot be achieved. Since Abaqus, Version 6.8, a new Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) approach has been developed to overcome the difficulties with regard to finite element method and large deformation analyses. This new method is investigated regarding its capabilities. First, a benchmark test, a strip footing problem is investigated and compared to analytical solutions and results of comparable finite element analyses. This benchmark test shows that CEL is well suited to deal with problems which cannot be fully solved using FEM. In further applications the CEL approach is applied to more complex geotechnical boundary value problems. First, the installation of a pile into subsoil is simulated. The pile is jacked into the ground and the results received from these analyses are compared to results of classical finite element simulations. A second case study is the simulation of a ship running aground at an embankment. The results of the CEL simulation are compared to in situ measurement data. Finally, the capabilities of the new CEL approach are evaluated regarding its robustness and efficiency.     

Characterization of humic substances by advanced solid state NMR spectroscopy: Demonstration of a systematic approach

Characterization of humic substances is challenging due to their structural complexity and heterogeneity. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is regarded as one of the best tools for elucidating structures of humic substances. The primary solid state NMR technique that has been used so far is the routine ¹³C cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) technique. Although this technique has markedly advanced our understanding of humic substances, the full potential of NMR for characterizing humic substances has yet to be realized. Recent technical developments and applications of advanced solid state NMR have revealed the promise to provide deeper insights into structures of humic substances. In this paper, we summarized and demonstrated the systematic solid state NMR protocol for characterization of humic substances using a humic acid as an example. This protocol included (1) identification of specific functional groups using spectral editing techniques, occasionally assisted by ¹H¹³C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR, (2) quantification of specific functional groups based on direct polarization-magic angle spinning (DP-MAS) and DP-MAS with recoupled dipolar dephasing, combined with spectral editing techniques, (3) determination of connectivities and proximities of specific functional groups by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR or 2D HETCOR combined with spectral editing techniques, and (4) examination of domains and heterogeneities by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR with ¹H spin diffusion. We used a soil humic acid as an example to demonstrate how this protocol was applied to the characterization of humic substances step by step. Afterwards, based on typical ¹³C NMR spectra of humic substances we described how we could combine different NMR techniques to identify specific functional groups band by band from downfield to upfield. Finally, we briefly mentioned the potential new NMR techniques that could be developed to enrich the current systematic protocol. This systematic protocol is not only applicable to humic substances but also to other natural organic matter samples.     

一种测量环境氡析出率的方法

用双滤膜法对环境氡的析出率（δ）进行了可行性测定，实测结果表明：与常规的活性炭法原理相比，双滤膜方法可行、操作简单、成果可靠，不失为一种灵敏、高速、高效的氡析出率（δ）测定方法。     

双频GPS接收机Legacy在1∶20万区域重力调查中的应用

本文详细地介绍了 Legacy双频接收机的野外试验情况及在 1∶ 2 0万区域重力调查工作中的应用     

GPS卫星定位软件研究

本文探讨了GPS卫星定位软件的设计问题。系统地分析了TIDPS~**软件的功能和处理方法,并采用本软件对一条实测长基线进行了处理,证明本软件具有良好的性能和可靠性。     

电离层赤道异常对返回散射电离图的影响

本文给出了太阳黑子高年冬季跨电离层赤道异常区传播试验的高频返回散射电离图.经过分类研究,指出了有一类双回波区组合型P ′（f）返回散射电离图是一种新的形态.通过射线追踪合成技术分析,表明了这类型实验返回散射电离图是沿探测路径存在双峰电子浓度分布的反映,时序电离图的变化特征显示了赤道异常区的电子浓度变化规律,因而证明了高频返回散射技术在研究赤道异常区电离层峰运动的可能性及其潜力.