"Double low-points" anomaly in daily variation of vertical component of geomagnetic field before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

The "double low-points" anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component was observed on May 9, 2008 at 13 geomagnetic observatories belonging to the geomagnetic observatory network center of China Earthquake Administration. These observatories distribute roughly on three belts with the intersection in western Sichuan. On May 12, three days after the anomaly appearance, the great M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred. The "double low-points" anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component is an anomalous phenomenon of regional geomagnetism, which does exist objectively. The possible cause is the change of extrinsic eddy current system resulting in geomagnetic daily quiet variation (S_q), or the delay of several hours between the intrinsic and the extrinsic eddy current systems. The relationship between the "double low-points" anomaly of daily geomagnetic variation and the earthquake reveals that the former possibly reflects the accelerative alteration of earthquake gestation in the deep Earth.     

SYB-100/100型双液变比注浆泵的开发

介绍了SYB-100/100型双液变比注浆泵的工作原理、主要结构、技术参数、主要特点、使用情况及其广泛的市场前景。     

对4-氨基安替吡啉三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法测定的地下水中挥发酚不确定度的评定

采用不确定度连续传递模型对4-氨基安替吡啉三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法测定的地下水中挥发酚含量的不确定度进行评定。通过对实际水样测量的标准不确定度进行分析和计算,得出测量扩展不确定度,从而定量地说明其测量结果的可信度。研究结果表明,在实际水样的测定过程中,标准曲线拟合和样品前处理过程产生的不确定度对总不确定度有较大的贡献率。     

蛇纹石脱水与大洋俯冲带中源地震(70~300km)的关系

蛇纹石脱水致裂作用是诱发大洋俯冲带中源地震(70~300km)的一种重要成因机制,它与中等深度双地震带的形成有很密切的关系。双地震带在冷俯冲带中是一种常见现象,它由上下相距20~40km的两个平行地震层组成。上地震层位于俯冲洋壳中,可能是洋壳蓝片岩脱水形成榴辉岩的系列脱水反应诱发了地震;下地震层位于大洋俯冲地幔中,可能是部分交代的地幔橄榄岩脱水控制着中源地震的分布。蛇纹岩在高温高压条件下的变形实验证实蛇纹石在脱水过程中引起岩石弱化和脆性破裂,这已经得到了对蛇纹石脱水过程中岩石物理性质和变形后样品的显微构造等理论研究上的支持。在蛇纹石脱水过程中,产生的流体与固体残留物分离,形成了大量的I型(张性)微裂隙,最终导致岩石破裂和形成断层。根据叶蛇纹石脱水反应相图,理论上在大洋俯冲带中蛇纹石脱水位置会出现双层结构,但只有平行于俯冲板块顶层等温线的一支才可能脱水诱发地震,并对应于双地震带的下地震层。下地震层所处的位置具有低的vp/vs值,暗示岩石圈大洋地幔顶层发生了部分交代。但它的交代机制尚不清楚,可能是海水通过洋底转换断层和/或沿着在外海沟隆起中形成的断层渗入大洋地幔顶层,并发生了洋壳和大洋地幔交代。双地震带在120~200km深度合一以后,冷俯冲带中所发生的中源地震可能与蛇纹石脱水有关,在热俯冲带中更可能与“湿”榴辉岩脱水有关。     

双临空面岩质边坡滑动与倾倒破坏的运动学分析

临空面的几何形状在边坡破坏模式与稳定性分析中起着举足轻重的作用。运动学分析是确定边坡破坏模式与评价边坡稳定性的一种有效方法。目前基于运动学分析的边坡稳定性研究主要集中于单临空面边坡的破坏模式与最大安全开挖边坡角的确定。本文将此项研究扩展至双临空面边坡,将其破坏模式细分为4种,分别为沿结构面发生单平面滑动、沿结构面发生楔形体滑动、沿两个结构面的交线发生楔形体滑动以及倾倒破坏。在立体投影中得出,平滑滑动与楔形体滑动的滑动区为双临空面真倾向线与摩擦圆所组成的区域,单个结构面倾角矢量与两个结构面交线矢量位于该区城内;倾倒破坏区为双临空面真倾向线、摩擦圆与基圆所组成的区域,结构面的法向矢量位于该区城内。提出了双临空面边坡最大安全开挖边坡角的确定方法及边坡设计原则。最后将上述方法应用于三峡库区湖北省秭归县郭家坝镇郭家坝村生基坡高边坡,研究了该双临空面边坡的破坏模式并给出了最大安全边坡角的建议值     

基于不同电离层模型的精密单点定位精度分析

随着PPP的发展与应用,对PPP误差源的研究更加精细、更加科学.电离层折射是高精度PPP的主要误差之一,国内外通用方法是用大气传播理论建立电离层修正模型.本文主要探讨了电离层对精密单点定位影响的基本理论,总结了目前常用方法;研究了Klobuchar模型的改正公式及计算方法;系统地研究了双频观测值建立消电离层延迟模型的理...     

地基微波辐射计资料的质量控制及同化应用研究

针对地基微波辐射计反演资料的质量问题,利用北京区域7个站点的RPG-HATPRO型微波辐射计反演的温湿数据,在传统质量控制方法的基础上,通过增加双权重检查和偏差订正方法,设计了新的质量控制方案,而后针对质量控制后的温湿廓线开展了同化应用研究,结果表明:只有个别站点的反演温度误差较大,反演温度误差大的站点在质量控制前最大均方根误差为8 ℃,但在质量控制后均方根误差下降到4 ℃以内,误差下降50％以上,而对于反演温度误差小的站点,质量控制只对高层数据有所改善;进一步分析表明所有站点的反演相对湿度误差都比较大,在质量控制前反演的相对湿度均方根误差最大甚至达到50％,但在质量控制后所有站点反演的相对湿度均方根误差都降到20％以内,误差显著降低,同时经过质量控制后的反演温湿数据误差平均偏差降为0左右,误差满足高斯分布,符合同化的要求。同化试验表明:与控制试验相比,同化质量控制后的地基微波辐射计反演温湿廓线资料能有效改善模式对所有量级的6 h累积降水量预报,无论是降水中心位置预报还是降水量级预报,都使得模式降水预报更加趋近实况,同化试验还表明同化对温湿场有较大影响,使得模式温湿场更加合理,能有效提高模式的预报准确率。     

辽吉古元古代活动带的双成矿带地质特征

辽吉活动带是华北陆块最具代表性的古元古代造山/活动带,不仅发育巨量的古元古代陆壳沉积物质和岩浆活动,而且经历了十分复杂的构造演化过程,以及多期岩浆-变质事件的叠加改造。辽吉活动带的形成和构造演化时期,也是该区的一次重要成矿期,以矿种多、规模大、层状或层控为主而发育大型-超大型矿床为特点,其中菱镁矿、滑石、硼、铅锌、钴、金和铀等矿产具有重要的经济价值。辽吉活动带由出露厚度达万米的古元古代辽河群、集安群、老岭群和不同阶段、不同类型的岩浆岩所组成。其主体发育两套变质岩石:一套为变质碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩组合,以变质相相对较低为特征,出露地层为北辽河群和老岭群,形成于靠近龙岗陆块的被动大陆边缘浅海盆地环境;另一套是由变质火山-沉积岩系和辽吉花岗岩共同组成的地质构造单元,变质相相对较高,地层分布在南辽河群和集安群,形成于远离大陆边缘俯冲体系下的弧岩浆构造环境。此外,形成于与被动大陆边缘构造环境相关的成矿带内分布着菱镁矿床、滑石矿床、铜钴矿床和铀矿床等,形成于活动大陆边缘弧岩浆构造坏境内的成矿带主要分布硼、铅锌和金等矿床。研究表明,海城菱镁矿、后仙峪硼矿、翁泉沟硼矿、范家堡子滑石矿、大横路铜钴矿和猫岭金...     

A new simplified Hypothesis B method for calculating consolidation settlements of double soil layers exhibiting creep

This paper presents a new simplified method, based on Hypothesis B, for calculating the consolidation settlements of double soil layers exhibiting creep. In the new simplified Hypothesis B method, different stress–strain states including over‐consolidation and normal consolidation states can be considered with the help of the ‘equivalent time’ concept. Zhu and Yin method and US Navy method are adopted to calculate the average degree of consolidation for a double soil layer profile. This new simplified Hypothesis B method is then used to calculate the consolidation settlements of double soil layers, which have two different total thicknesses of soil layer (4 m and 8 m) and three different OCR values (Over‐Consolidation Ratio, OCR = 1, 1.5 and 2). The accuracy and verification of this new simplified method are examined by comparing the calculated results with simulation results from a fully coupled finite element (FE) program using a soft soil creep model. Four cases of double layer soil profiles are analyzed. Hypothesis A method with US Navy method for the average degree of consolidation has also been used to for calculating consolidation settlements of the same cases. For Case I(4m) and Case III(8m), it is found that curves of the new simplified Hypothesis B method using both Zhu and Yin method and US Navy method are very close to the results from FE simulations with the relative errors within 8.5%. For Case II(4m) and Case IV(8m), it is found that curves of the new simplified Hypothesis B method using Zhu and Yin method agree better with results from FE simulations with the relative errors within 11.7% than curves of the new simplified Hypothesis B method adopting US Navy method with the relative error up to 36.1%. Curves of Hypothesis A method adopting US Navy method have the relative error up to 55.0% among all four cases. In overall, the new simplified Hypothesis B method is suitable for calculation of consolidation settlements of double soil layers exhibiting creep, in which, Zhu and Yin method is recommended to obtain the average degree of consolidation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Lembang's Photographic Observations on Sirius

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