固沙林庇护区内降尘特征的初步观测

采用野外定位实测法,连续两年对科尔沁沙地24龄人工固沙杨树(Populussimonii)林庇护区内4～6月份及强沙尘暴事件中的降尘特征进行了观测研究。结果表明:(1)林地庇护区内4、5月份的降尘量较多,分别为273和437kg/hm2,6月份的降尘量较少,为171kg/hm2。(2)林地中央的滞尘效应在风蚀季节和强沙尘暴天气过程中十分显著。(3)林地庇护区内的降尘中粒径<0.02mm颗粒含量占60.7%,降尘中的全C、全N和速效P含量分别高达1.676%、0.163%和210.66mg/kg,这对风沙土表层土壤的细化和养分的积累具有重要的生态学意义。     

江苏省龙卷发生特征及其在年际尺度上与ENSO的关系研究

利用1976—2005年江苏省龙卷信息化资料和高分辨率再分析资料,对江苏省龙卷的发生特征以及ENSO事件对江苏省龙卷发生数的影响进行了分析。结果表明:(1)1976—2005年,江苏省龙卷发生数年际和年代际变化明显,空间分布不均匀:1990s龙卷发生数较多;盐城南部和南通沿海地区是龙卷较为多发的区域。(2)ENSO事件对江苏省龙卷的发生频率有重要影响:ENSO冷事件月份平均龙卷发生数多于暖事件月份;非ENSO事件月份平均龙卷发生数居中。(3)ENSO冷事件时西南低空急流发生频率明显增加,由于低空急流增强而引起的江苏省地区水汽供应、动力条件和不稳定能量的分布均有利于龙卷的发生,导致在ENSO冷事件情况下江苏省龙卷发生数偏多。     

夜间灯光遥感对城市发展类动能与相似性评估

评估城市发展水平与制定城市规划和城市发展政策息息相关.已有研究表明人口、国内生产总值(GDP)等统计数据和夜间灯光遥感数据能够用来衡量城市发展水平,但大多研究只关注城市发展总量,忽视了发展速度对城市发展的影响.因此,本文基于2012年—2019年Suomi NPP-VIIRS(Suomi National Polar-...     

逆风区的回波演变与强对流天气的结构分析

为研究逆风区回波结构的演变与中尺度强对流天气发生发展的关系,分析了2005年4月30日和6月22日在江西省境内有逆风区现象的强对流天气的多普勒雷达回波特征,对逆风区的回波强度与速度的演变进行对比分析后认为：逆风区不仅是暴雨判据,也是强对流天气的判据。逆风区的伸展高度一般较高,有逆风区的存在基本上都伴有剧烈的天气过程,只要逆风区的结构一直存在,强回波的反射率因子就不会减弱。本文提出了一种逆风区的三维结构模型,逆风区回波反映了强对流的生消结构,逆风区实为前方辐合上升、后方下沉的涡管结构,它是认识强对流天气系统三维结构的重要信息。     

改进的能量守恒方法及其在CHAMP重力场恢复中的应用

An efficient method for gravity field determination from CHAMP orbits and accelerometer data is referred to as the energy balance approach. A new CHAMP gravity field recovery strategy based on the improved energy balance approach IS developed in this paper. The method simultaneously solves the spherical harmonic coefficients, daily Integration constant, scale and bias parameters. Two 60 degree and order gravitational potential models, XISM-CHAMPO1S from the classical energy balance approach, and XISM-CHAMPO2S from the improved energy balance, are determined using about one year＇s worth of CHAMP kinematic orbits from TUM and accelerometer data from GFZ. Comparisons among XISM-CHAMPO1S, XISM-CHAMPO2S, EIGEN-CGO3C, EIGEN-CHAMPO3S, EIGEN2, ENIGNIS and EGM96 are made. The results show that the XISM-CHAMPO2S model is more accurate than EGM96, EIGENIS, EIGEN2 and XISM-CHAMPO1S at the same degree and order, and has almost the same accuracy as EIGEN-CHAMPO3S.     

风廓线雷达在重污染天气与逆温层关系研究中的应用

本文利用气象要素地面观测和环境空气质量监测数据,结合对流层风廓线雷达探测资料,深入研究了2013-2019年发生在青岛地区的65个重污染天气的逆温层变化特征及其与重污染天气的关系.结果表明:(1)青岛地区的重污染天气主要发生在12月至次年1月,重污染发生当日的空气质量指数(Air quality iudex AQI)有...     

Numerical simulation of seepage flow field in groundwater source heat pump system and its influence on temperature field

Energy utilization in the aquifers is a new technology closely related to development of heat pump technique. It is significant for the flow distribution to be predicted in the aquifer surrounding the Groundwater Source Heat Pump System (GSHPS). The authors presented a new concept of "flow transfixion" by analyzing general features of aquifers, and then discussed interaction of the flow transfixion with the heat transfixion, which has practical significance to projects. A numerical model of groundwater flow was established based on the basic tenets of water-heat transferring in the aquifer. On this basis the flow field and the temperature field of GSHPS for a site in Shenyang City were numerically simulated. The basis of the flow transfixion was obtained; it was discussed for the influence of the flow transfixion on the heat transfixion. To a certain extent, the study offers some reference for the projects' design of GSHP in the studied area.     

Identifying the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area based on a spatial field energy model

The cultivation and development of modern metropolitan areas with the aim of establishing new regional centers with competitive edge is a key objective for the new-type urbanization directions in China. The construction of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area is of great significance for the promotion of the South Asia Channel, the ‘Belt and Road' initiative, the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor, the Himalaya Economic Cooperation Zone, and for rapid development and long-term stability of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper examines the scope of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area including Chengguanqu(Chengguan District), Doilungdeqen, Dagze, Lhunzhub, Damxung, Nyemo, Quxu, Maizhokunggar, Samzhubze Qu(Samzhubze District), Gyangze, Rinbung, Bainang, Nedong, Gonggar, and Zhanang using a spatial field energy model that combines nodality and accessibility indices and considers multiple indicators including traffic flow between cities. By combining factors such as the natural background, population agglomeration, the social economy, infrastructure construction, and the urban spatial structure of the Lhasa Metropolitan Area, it is proposed to build a bow-and-arrow-shaped urban system with ‘one core, two centers, one axis, and two wings' along the valleys and the transportation trunk lines of the area. The study advocates the construction of a pure land industrial system comprising a green cultural and tourism-oriented plateau.     

华南飑线升尺度增长过程中的多尺度能量相互作用分析

采用WRF模式对华南飑线的升尺度增长过程进行模拟,利用Barnes滤波将模式数据分解为三个尺度,分别代入相应的能量方程中进行计算,从能量角度研究飑线升尺度增长过程中动能和位能的变化,以及三个尺度系统能量的相互转化.研究表明:动能的变化与飑线过程中各尺度系统的演变有较好的对应,β中小尺度对流的发展对应β中小尺度系统动能的...     

基于长短期记忆神经网络的风速超短期快速滚动预报技术

利用甘肃省某风电场2017—2020年测风数据,基于长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)模型,通过评估不同输入数据和模型时间窗口长度下的预报精度,设计一套适用于风电场的风速超短期快速滚动预报方案。结果表明：通过输入不同的特征变量,在风速的超短期(未来4 h内)预报中,风速自身变化起主导作用,模型输入变量中只加入各高度层的风速能得到更好的模拟效果。通过评估LSTM模拟时间窗口长度L对模拟效果的影响,当时间窗口长度L≤24 h时,模拟效果较好,说明超短期风速变化主要和风速自身临近时刻的变化有关;当L>24 h时,模拟效果快速下降,说明过长的L会削弱模拟能力,降低模拟精度。通过分析LSTM在未来4 h内的风速模拟能力,发现随着预报时长的增加,模拟精度逐步下降,但在未来2 h内的风速均方根误差RMSE均小于2 m·s^-1,结果较为理想,且该方法对计算资源要求不高,经济实用性强,在业务中具有较高的应用潜力。