SAR海洋内波表层流反演方法探讨

基于海洋内波SAR成像机理与M4S海面微波散射成像模型,提出SAR海洋内波表层流反演新方法。首先从SAR图像上获得内波剖面的海面后向散射强度,利用AH理论的线性近似关系得到猜测表层流,通过海面微波散射成像模型仿真海洋内波的SAR海面后向散射强度,利用二分法不断地修改风速和流速梯度等参数,使仿真信号最大程度的逼近实际SAR图像上的海面后向散射强度,输出最终海表层流。以中国南海海区3景海洋内波SAR图像为例,对该方法进行了探讨。结果表明,仿真的海洋内波SAR海面后向散射强度剖面和实际SAR图像上的信号剖面吻合,两者的相关系数达90%以上,说明该反演方法是收敛与可行的。     

一种基于级联滤波算法的SAR图像噪声抑制方法

提出了一种基于偏微分方程与增强Lee滤波级联算法的SAR图像相干斑抑制方法,利用偏微分方程的边界检测特性和增强Lee滤波方法的分区域处理特性,在保持图像细节的基础上有效抑制图像中的相干斑噪声。     

极化SAR影像分类方法研究

采用不同的分类方法对荷兰Flevoland地区全极化数据进行分类,讨论了各分类方法存在的问题,通过比较得出基于复Wishart分布的最大似然监督分类的效果较好。     

合成孔径雷达反演裸露地表土壤水分的新方法

提出了一种新的合成孔径雷达(SAR)反演裸露地表土壤水分的经验模型,该模型同时考虑了均方根高度S和相关长度L的影响,并将两个粗糙度参数合二为一,然后利用VV和VH极化的后向散射系数即可反演得到土壤水分。通过实测数据对模型进行了验证,发现在θ020°时,模型反演值与模拟值有着良好的相关关系(R2=0.71)。该模型在不需要测量地面粗糙度的情况下可以反演得到比较好的土壤水分精度,尤其适用于地表情况复杂、难以精确测量的地区。     

星载SAR地形辐射校正模型及其效果评价

根据合成孔径雷达(SAR)严格成像几何模型和辐射定标公式建立了地形辐射校正(TRC)模型。通过实验,从定性和定量两个方面评价了TRC模型的有效性。比较了基于投影角和基于当地入射角两种计算有效散射单元面积的方法,对根据初始定位模型计算有效散射单元面积的合理性进行了分析。     

缺少控制点的星载SAR遥感影像对地目标定位

从距离和多普勒方程出发,构建了无需地面控制点的直接对地目标定位模型,推导了缺少控制点时的精化轨道参数及成像几何参数等的数学模型。经过对北京某地区一景ENVISAT ASAR影像进行直接对地目标定位,获得了实地上±170.966 m(约±8.7像素)的平面精度;利用单个地面控制点对星载SAR影像的定向参数实施调整后,对地目标定位平面精度提高到±54.665 m(约±2.8像素),控制点数目增加到4个时,对地目标定位平面精度接近±2像素。结果显示,对困难地区采用星载SAR遥感影像对地目标定位具有很好的应用前景。     

西藏樟木口岸震后滑坡灾害变形InSAR监测分析

位于中国和尼泊尔边境的西藏樟木口岸是国家一类陆路通商口岸,也是西藏最大的边贸中心口岸。2015年尼泊尔大地震之后,西藏樟木口岸因多次发生滑坡灾害,而导致口岸关闭。为了调查樟木口岸区域滑坡灾害的分布和变形情况及更好的服务于区域减灾防灾,利用InSAR技术对覆盖该区域的Sentinel-1A和ALOS-2两种卫星影像数据进行了处理,并通过分析视线向年均形变速率图,圈定了17处疑似滑坡,并对其中的5处典型滑坡进行时间序列形变特征分析,监测识别出的滑坡基本沿318国道所在一侧的波曲河左岸分布。InSAR调查结果表明受地震影响樟木地区的滑坡多分布在沿波曲河左岸的陡峭山体上,中尼公路迪斯岗至友谊桥段的古滑坡出现了局部复活的现象,同时樟木镇居民所在的城区也发育有扎美拉山危岩体崩塌滑坡灾害。      

Development and application of a distributed catchment-scale hydrological model for the River Ythan,NE Scotland

Mathematical models are being used to develop a decision support system for integrated management of the Ythan catchment in NE Scotland. One component of this has involved the development of a distributed catchment-scale hydrological model. The model is based on subsurface flow routing and calculates the contribution to stream flow from each 50 m×50 m cell in the 548 km² catchment. It uses two topographic parameters, slope and distance to stream following the main line of flow, and five physical parameters. The topographic analysis and distributed flow accumulation are performed by linking the single cell model with a geographic information system. Preliminary results from a three-year simulation of daily flows indicate that the model successfully predicts the main characteristics of the catchment flow. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION CALCULATED FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS FOR DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING

Recently, several attempts have been made to relate the hydrological response of a catchment to its morphological and topographical features using different hypotheses to model the effect of the drainage network. Several transfer functions were developed and some of these are based on the theory of a linear model, the geomorphological unit hydrograph. The aim of this paper is to present a methodology to automatically identify the transfer function, using digital elevation models for applications in distributed hydrological modelling. The transfer function proposed herein is based on the Hayami approximation solution of the diffusive wave equation especially adapted for the routing hydrograph through a channel network. The Gardon d’Anduze basin, southern France, was retained for applications. Digital elevation models were used to extract the channel network and divide the basin into subcatchments. Each subcatchment produces, at its own outlet, an impulse response which is routed to the outlet of the whole catchment using the diffusive wave model described by two parameters: celerity and diffusivity functions of geometrical characteristics of the channel network. Firstly, a geomorphological unit hydrograph obtained by routing a homogeneous effective rainfall was compared with the unit hydrograph identified by a lumped model scheme, then the distributed model was applied to take into account the spatial variability of effective rainfall in the catchment. Results show that this new method seems to be adapted for distributed hydrological modelling; it enables identification of a transfer function response for each hydrological unit, here subcatchments, and then simulation of the contribution of each unit to the hydrograph at the outlet. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分布式数据库Greenplum在地震前兆数据存储中的应用

随着地震前兆观测台网的加密、采样率的提高,地震前兆观测数据量也在快速增加。在进行地震数据共享服务时,需要快速获得大量数据集,无疑对前兆共享数据库的数据处理能力提出了更高的要求。针对这一问题,提出基于Greenplum数据库的地震前兆数据存储设计方案。通过搭建Greenplum分布式数据库环境,实现了海量前兆数据的快速处理,并与传统Oracle数据库进行对比,结果表明:Greenplum数据库读取前兆数据耗时更低,对于大批量数据的读取操作,Greenplum数据库的优势更加明显;Greenplum数据库良好的可扩展性和对应用编程接口(JDBC、ODBC)的支持,使得其在前兆数据分析处理中的应用前景广阔。