总能量守恒与辛几何算法

以正压大气原始方程为例子，以总能量守恒为主线，介绍动力保守系统的两类重要算法：总能量守恒算法和辛几何算法，讨论了两之间的关系。中给出具体的算例，并说明两类算法的有效性。     

EXPERIMENT ON THE FORECAST OF CHARACTERISTIC QUANTITIES OF ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE BY MESOSCALE MODEL MM5

In nested nonhydrostatic mesoscale model MM5,the characteristic quantities of atmosphericturbulence,i.e.,the standard deviations of the turbulent fluctuated speeds for three directions inPBL are computed by Mellor-Yamada's level 2.5 closure scheme.The magnitudes and the verticalprofiles of these quantities computed from the model are closely connected with temperature andwind speed profiles as well as the type of the ground with a significant diurnal variation,and are inagreement with known magnitudes and regularities in different stratification conditions.Hence themethod in this paper is reasonable and convincible.Their horizontal distribution depends on thehorizontal distribution of the stratification.The method of predicted characteristic quantities ofturbulence from mesoscale model in this paper can be used in the problem of atmospheric diffusionand atmospheric environment.     

AN IMPROVED SEMI-IMPLICIT TIME DIFFERENCE SCHEME OF SPECTRAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL APPLICATIONS

In fact,the popular semi-implicit time difference scheme of spectral model still includes someimportant linear terms using time explicit difference scheme,and the major terms are directlyrelated to fast internal-and external-gravity waves in the atmospheric forecasting equation.Additionally,due to using time difference on two terms at different time.the popular schemeartificially introduces unbalance between pressure gradient force and Coriolis force terms whilenumerically computing their small difference between large quantities.According to thecomputational stability analysis conducted to the linear term time difference scheme in simpleharmonic motion equation,one improved semi-implicit time difference scheme is also designed inour study.By adopting a kind of revised time-explicit-difference scheme to these linear terms thatstill included in spectral model governing equations,the defect of spectral model which only partlyusing semi-implicit integrating scheme can be overcome effectively.Moreover,besides all spectralcoefficients of prognostic equations,especially of Helmholtz divergence equation,can be workedout without any numerical iteration,the time-step (computation stability) can also be enlarged(enhanced) by properly introducing an adjustable coefficient.     

Effect of three different boundary-layer parameterisations in a regional atmospheric model on the simulation of summer monsoon circulation

Bulk, first-order and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) closure schemes are used to parameterise the boundary-layer physics in a high resolution, limited area model. The model was used to simulate the summer monsoon circulations over India. The domain selected included the monsoon trough over northern India, a region of mesoscale convection. A monsoon depression was present at the time of the simulation. The results indicate that the TKE closure scheme combined with the Monin–Obukhov surface-layer similarity relation provided the best 48-hour simulation of the circulation and the rainfall associated with the monsoon depression.     

半拉格朗日方法及其在数值模拟和数值预报中的应用

文章对半拉格朗日方法的基本原理和技术方法做了简要介绍。对其主要优、缺点进行了评述。同时也对半拉格朗日方法的应用及研究进展情况概括地予以介绍。     

小尺度深凹地形PBL结构的数值模拟研究

本大建立了一个针对小尺度深凹地形（深凹露天矿）使用的三维非静力的诊断模式。模式中采用能量（E－）闭合方案，取细网络，具有甚高的空间分辨率。利用该模式充分分析了露天矿边界层的结构特征。数值试验的结果表明．初始地面风速，初始的风速垂直切变，露天矿的采深及边坡用的大小等因素对复环流有较大影响。     

物理守恒律保真格式构造与数值预报斜压原始方程传统谱模式改进研究

文中构造并证明了一般二次和三次物理守恒律时间差分保真格式两个构造定理，以往一些主要时间离散守恒格式构造方案可作为两个定理特例给出。它们不仅可为解决更加广泛类别的时间离散保真格式构造基本问题提供适用数学基础，而且也为结合已有瞬时空间离散守恒格式，解决更加广泛类别的时－空离散意义下保真格式构造基本问题提供适用的数学基础。此外，文中两个定理还可解决两大类问题的线性和非线性计算不稳定性问题。斜压原始方程传统半隐式全球谱－垂直有限差分模式目前是世界上许多国家的业务预报和大气环流模式。本工作利用文中新构定理，构造并且实现了斜压原始方程全球谱－垂直有限差分模式半隐式高阶全能量守恒方案。以往该项基本问题无论在理论还是实践上长期以来一直都未能得到解决。该项全能量守恒半隐式全球谱模式方案适用于实测资料的长时间数值预报积分。使用ＦＧＧＥ夏季资料进行的１３个个例３０ｄ数值积分实验表明：新型全能量半隐式保真方案可以有效地改进传统预报方案中关于能量质量守恒性质的系统性偏差。值得注意的是，实验统计分析还显示：在本文实验条件下，传统方案中由于时间离散过程中原物理守恒律性质破坏导致的系统误差（简称Ｚ类误差），对于实验总体均方根系统误差的贡献     

一种三步抗差方案的设计

抗差估计的关键是选择恰当的极值函数ρ（．）或ψ（．）函数。本文针对抗差估计涉及的几个重要问题，提出一种新的抗差方案的构想。新的抗差方案试图实现如下三阶段目标；１）选取抗差性能很强的初值，包括定位参数和单位权中误差的初值。２）综合抗差，即要求能实现系数阵空间和观测空间同时抗差，能解决相关观测抗差估计问题，实现定位参数与单位权中误差的联合抗差。３）剔除粗差，给出有关估值的准确统计特性。     

论当前大气动力模式中存在的若干问题

文章提出了当前大气动力模式中存在的若干问题，如垂直离散问题、提高分辨率的问题、极地流场的预报问题、间断问题、非线性混淆问题和高纬地区纬向差商的计算问题等。在分析讨论这些问题时，也提出了可能解决的方法和途径，比如:垂直离散静力方程，在等距情况下，用lnσ坐标比用σ坐标会使计算误差显著减小；非线性混淆在用球谐函数作基函数时是存在的，但如参加乘积运算的函数足够光滑，非线性混淆作用可以忽略。     

地形区两种典型气压梯度力计算方法的比较

试验比较了两种较为典型的地形区气压梯度力计算方法:一是先在准水平的等压面上计算，再垂直插值到地形坐标面上的方法，二是差-微-差方法。初始化分析和预报结果检验都表明，在减轻地形影响上，前者的优势在大气上层，后者则在中下层。