Curvature analysis of triangulated surfaces in structural geology

This paper addresses the problem of characterizing the shape of a geological surface on the basis of its principal curvatures. The surface is assumed to be modeled as a set of adjacent triangles defined by the location of their vertices and a method is proposed for estimating numerically the principal curvatures at the vertices of the triangles using a local C² interpolant. Also shown is how principal curvatures can be useful for studying the deformation of a geological surface (with application to 3D balanced unfolding), and analyzing the folding or faulting of the interface between two adjacent layers.     

EFFECTS OF THREE KINDS OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES ON TYPHOON INTENSITY*

This paper designs three quasi-geostrophic barotropic models with a radial/horizontal grid length being 2 kin,one in the polar coordinates,one on a stationary typhoon circulation condition and another on a non-stationary typhoon circulation condition in the Cartesian coordinates,to investigate the effects of azimuthal and radial linear advections,and nonlinear advection on the inward propagation of mesoscale vorticity and the changes of typhoon intensity.Results show that the azimuthal linear advection may result in the formation of spiral vorticity bands;the radial linear advection in a certain parameter set is able to transfer vorticity inwards,leading to a slight enhancement of typhoon;the nonlinear advection of perturbation vorticity on a stationary typhoon circulation condition may transfer more vorticities inwards,thus resulting in a distinct enhancement of typhoon;and the nonlinear advection on a non-stationary typhoon circulation condition possesses duality,i.e.on the one hand,the advection increases the vorticity of inward propagation,thus favorable to the intensification of typhoon,and on the other hand,in the inward propagation process of vorticity the originally concentric and axisymmetric structure of typhoon basic flow is damaged,and a complex flow pattern forms,which in turn tends to weaken the circulation of typhoon.At last the paper discusses the possible applications of those results in typhoon intensity prediction.     

基于GIS技术的三江平原热量资源评价

基于GIS技术,使用黑龙江省气象观测站和农垦、森工系统观测站的气温资料,以及数字高程模型(DEM)资料,运用趋势面分析法和线性内插法得到三江平原栅格化的热量资源数据。分析表明,三江平原纬度和高度因子对各项热量指标分布均有影响,经度因子主要影响年平均气温、4月平均气温、7月平均气温、≥0℃积温和≥10℃积温;佳木斯西部、双鸭山西部、鸡西大部热量资源较丰富,而青黑山、完达山、老爷岭和太平岭等地区热量资源相对较差。分析结果为合理开发利用三江平原热量资源提供了依据。     

孔道结构化合物(H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4(PO4)2(HPO4)4]的钒氧化态与热稳定性关系研究

热处理脱除有机模板易导致VPO体系孔道结构化合物结构破坏,从而阻碍此类材料的实际应用。以孔道结构化合物(H3NCH2CH2NH3)3[(VO)4 (PO4 )2 (HPO4 )4 ](简称V2P3 en)为研究对象,利用热分析(DSC TG)、动态原位高温X 射线衍射(XRD)及多功能X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法,研究了该化合物在不同气氛热处理过程中模板脱除及结构演化规律,重点探讨了钒氧化态的变化对结构稳定性的影响。结果表明,加热过程中随着有机模板的分解脱除,形成较强的还原环境,骨架中的部分钒被还原(V4+→V3+),使原有的配位环境([VⅣO5]三角双锥、[VⅣO6]畸变八面体)与钒的氧化态不符而导致结构重组。因此,钒氧化态的变化是影响热稳定性的重要因素之一。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘延长组地层热演化史研究： 镜质体反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹证据

对鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘韩城和洛南地区的晚三叠世延长组地层的6件样品进行了煤线和碳质泥岩的镜质组反射率测定,同时测定了同组地层6件砂岩样品的磷灰石裂变径迹.结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘晚三叠世延长组热演化程度较高,韩城地区R0值在0.65％～0.78％之间.洛南地区由于受秦岭中生代陆内造山作用的影响,三叠系延长组Ro值高达2.67％～3.71％.实际测得的裂变径迹年龄,随深度增加裂变径迹年龄减小,根据裂变径迹年龄及长度恢复出每个样品所经历的热历史.研究结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘中生代晚期存在一期约100 Ma的重要构造热事件,东南缘韩城地区与洛南地区属于不同的热演化史类型,韩城地区属于埋藏增温型,而洛南地区属于受构造岩浆活动控制类型.这一认识与野外地质证据一致.     

中国近海富烃凹陷油气成藏特征

富烃凹陷是当今油气勘探的主战场,中国近海已发现的油气储量主要集中在14个富烃凹陷中。利用钻井、测井、地震及化验测试等资料,结合最新油气勘探成果,从温压系统、储盖组合、热流体活动及油气输导与聚集等方面分析、总结了中国近海典型已证实富烃凹陷的油气成藏特征。研究表明:中国近海富烃凹陷深层超压普遍发育,地温梯度高,复合型温压系统构成,为油气成藏提供了充足的动力;主力储层物性好,发育1～2套优质的区域性盖层,至少存在2套有利的储盖组合;发育多种类型的烃类包裹体,油气主成藏期集中,并存在快速幕式充注现象;发育高效优势输导体系、多种圈闭与油气藏类型,存在多种油气成藏模式,油气呈带状差异富集与分布。     

Sulfides in petroleum

The homologous series of terpenoid sulfides previously reported to be present in Athabasca bitumen have been detected in a variety of petroleums from the Western Hemisphere. All 22 samples examined, ranging in age from Devonoan to Cretaceous, contained the terpenoid sulfides. A method is described for the isolation of sulfides from petroleums based on the selective oxidation of sulfides to more polar sulfoxides which are easily removed from the mixture and their subsequent reduction to sulfides. The sulfide content in the petroleum maltenes examined ranged from 0.3 to 16.1% w/w. In addition to the bicyclic and tetracyclic terpenoid sulfides a new series of tricyclic terpenoid sulfides has been identified, and the details of the isoprenoid side chain have been elucidated for all three homologous series. The distributions by carbon number of the bicyclic and tetracyclic homologous series of terpenoid sulfides show pronounced variations which are attributed to thermal maturity and degree of water washing of the petroleum, thus the ability to identify terpenoid sulfides should provide a useful tool for oil-oil and oil-source rock correlation studies. The bicyclic and tricyclic terpenoid sulfides have the same carbon framework as the carotenoids which suggest that these sulfides were accessory pigments in photosynthesis.