贵州区域地质灾害发育程度初探

根据全省完成的县（市）地质灾害调查与区划成果,结合各地行政区面积及山地丘陵比例,采用地质灾害综合发育程度指数法,对9个地区级行政区域进行地质灾害发育程度分析,划分出的地质灾害高、中、低发育区比较符合省情实际,对地方政府的地质灾害防治工作具一定的指导意义。     

Global divides: Deconstructing the way we see the world should not be left to senior geography

Terms such as ‘Third World/First World’, ‘Developing/Developed’ are still in common usage despite many commentators and educators signalling that they are inadequate. Using empirical evidence from research in New Zealand, this paper discusses how these dividing terms may be under stress among young people who seek new ways of learning about places and people. In conceptualising the South Pacific, terms like ‘developing world’ may be challenged by young people. Debating these terms at all levels of education is important and should not merely be left to tertiary levels.     

Contextual factors influencing sustainable fisheries in Mexico

Sustainable fisheries take into consideration that managed fisheries ecosystems shift over time in response to evolving environmental as well as market and political factors. These contextual forces are especially valuable in understanding developing countries such as Mexico, where the unconsolidated fisheries administration faces productive marine ecosystems but unsustainable fisheries. To recognize the issues that have inhibited the consolidation of a regulatory system for sustainable fisheries, a contextual factor analysis was applied to the co-development of two current policies in the Mexican fishery regime: fisheries and environmental policies. Six historical phases have been identified in which there are few long periods of stability and frequent short periods of radical change that alternate between stable and adverse contextual situations. These short and contrasting contextual situations cause a kind of tug-of-war in Mexican fisheries policy-making. On the one hand, domestic economic, scientific, and technological forces seem to slowly lead toward the consolidation of sustainable fisheries; on the other hand, domestic policies drift from one position to another at other timing than the international fisheries and environmental policies. Although recent crises seem to highlight new periods of radical change in Mexico, they also provide an opportunity to adopt new structural plans to consolidate domestic forces as a basis for long-term strategies.     

空间规划决策支持系统在区域主体功能区划分中的应用

按照国家“十一五”规划中关于主体功能区划分的要求,将英国Pearce教授的自然资本不能减少的强可持续发展生态阈值理论与主体功能区划分的生态评价技术相结合,以潜力一阻力模型为基础,首次通过构建可开发度指数（PDI）和四力模型,创建一套主体功能区划分的综合指标体系,包括生态敏感性、环境压力、社会经济发展潜力和自然资源潜力等...     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviews in are this Article Northern Waters . Clive Archer and David Scivener , EDS. Principles of Geographical Information Systems for Land Resources Assessment . P. A. Burrough . The Great Lakes: An Environmental Atlas and Resource Book. Environment Canada , United States Environmental Protection Agency , Brock University , AND Northwestern University . Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State. Rays Hudson AND Jim Lewis , EDS. Hazards: Technology and Fairness. Robert W. Kates and Alvin M. Weinberg . The Price of War. Urbanization in Vietnam 1954–85. Nigel Thrift and Dean Forbes . Population Structures and Models: Developments in Spatial Demography. Robert Woods and Philip Rees , EDS. Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region-An Earth-Science Perspective. J. I. Ziony , ed .     

Seismic isolation by rubber–soil mixtures for developing countries

This paper proposes a promising seismic isolation method particularly suitable for developing countries, which makes use of rubber–soil mixtures. Apart from reducing the level of shaking in the horizontal direction, the distinctive advantage of the proposed method is that it can also significantly reduce the shaking level of vertical ground motion, to which an increasing attention has been paid in the earthquake engineering community. On the other hand, the use of scrap tires as the rubber material can provide an alternative way to consume the huge stockpile of scrap tires all over the world. Moreover, the low cost of this proposed seismic protection scheme can greatly benefit those developing countries where resources and technology are not adequate for earthquake mitigation with well‐developed, yet expensive, techniques. The proposed method has been demonstrated through a series of numerical simulations and a parametric study has also been carried out. Lastly, five important issues regarding the concept and feasibility have been discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国流动重力监测预报发展的思考

本文展示了我国流动重力监测的状况,探讨了流动重力预测面临的困难及重力监测须解决的技术问题;通过分析流动重力监测与预测研究的能力和现状,提出我国流动重力监测预报发展战略思考.     

国外国家公园社区问题研究综述

周边社区是建设国家公园过程中一个不可回避的方面。通过系统梳理和回顾国外相关研究文献,对国外国家公园社区问题的研究内容和研究方法进行归纳总结,把握目前国外国家公园社区问题的研究现状,为中国同主题的研究提供一定的理论借鉴。国外对国家公园社区问题的研究主要集中在国家公园对社区的影响、社区对国家公园的影响与认知、社区参与、社区利益分配、土地利用等方面;研究方法多以定量分析为主,多为实证研究。研究表明,对于国家公园的研究需在社区利益分配、社区土地利用、社区可持续发展、社区需求等方面进一步细化、加深。社区参与是未来国家公园可持续发展的重要手段之一,因此对其参与方式、利益分配机制、利益保护的研究将是重点。     

爆炸荷载作用下裂隙岩体内损伤范围的观测研究

通过电法CT成像技术,探测微量炸药爆炸前后裂隙岩体深孔之间电阻率的变化,查明探测切面内的岩体损伤裂隙发育形态和空间展布。通过实验可知：微量炸药爆炸后在裂隙岩体的炮孔深部可以形成一定范围、一定数量和一定宽度的裂隙,其中裂隙形成的区域主要集中在炮孔口深的2/3处,当炮孔深度3 m,装药量为330 g时,在眼深1.5～2.5 m处裂隙较为发育,炮孔间距为1.2 m～1.5 m时,可在岩体内部形成贯通裂隙。     

饱和黏性土和砂砾石料振动孔压的试验研究

在国内外主要孔压发展模型的基础上,对某土石坝心墙防渗黏性土和坝基砂砾石料饱和试样进行动三轴试验,提出了两种材料的顾淦臣孔压模型,并对砂砾石料的孔压发展规律作了深入地分析,提出了不同固结比Kc时振动孔压比和振次比的函数关系。试验结果表明,动孔压随振动周数和振动强度的增加而增加,随固结应力比或初始剪应力比的增加而减小;无论等压或偏压固结,黏性土均不会出现动孔压ud等于围压力? 3c的液化现象,其孔压比Ru均小于0.5,多数试样Ru = 0.1~0.4;当等压固结Kc =1.0时,砂砾石料最终孔压值均可达到围压;偏压固结Kc ≥1.5后,试样是否达到Ru= ud /? 3c =1.0取决于动应力? d是否大于主应力差（? 1c－? 3c）,即? d是否形成拉应力,使试件伸长,但当Kc很大后,? 1c和? 3c相差太大,需施加非常大的? d才能使其应力应变反向,试样的大变形先于Ru=1.0的应力状态出现,即不可能达到初始液化;固结比Kc对不同土料动孔压的影响是不同的。