空气泡沫钻进技术在地质岩心钻探中的应用前景

基于实钻研究，分析空气泡沫钻进技术在地质岩心钻探中应用的技术优势和社会经济意义；根据我国应用现状，提出推广应用的方向和发展前景。     

中国与西方国家郊区化比较研究综述

郊区化是城市化发展到一定阶段的产物。中国与西方发达国家的国情不同,因而在对郊区化研究的过程中出现了众多的争议。利用比较的方法,在对国内学者郊区化研究成果综述的基础上,从郊区化出现的时间与背景、发展的阶段、特点、动力机制、影响及对策等若干方面,对中国与西方国家的郊区化进行了较为系统的比较,以期为中国的城市建设提供某些方面的参考。     

耦合FLUS和Markov的快速发展城市土地利用空间格局模拟方法

模拟城市土地利用空间变化格局的研究,对未来区域规划以及实现可持续发展具有十分积极的作用。以往基于FLUS的研究栅格尺度较大,如何模拟快速发展中城市的复杂土地利用变化过程,挖掘土地利用变化驱动机制值得进一步探讨。本文构建了耦合FLUS和Markov的城市土地利用格局拟合框架,创新性地引入房价指标表征社会经济属性,以深圳为研究区,基于30 m空间分辨率小栅格尺度的土地利用分类数据和基础地理、路网河网、感兴趣点等多源空间变量,模拟不同发展情景下的未来城市土地利用空间格局,并通过随机森林进行土地利用变化驱动因素分析。研究结果表明:本文提出的耦合FLUS和Markov方法相较于传统CA模型（RFA-CA和Logistic-CA）精度更高（FoM=0.22）,能更准确地模拟快速发展中城市的土地利用变化过程;多情景土地利用格局制图结果验证了城市发展过程中生态控制线的重要性,进一步说明本文拟合框架在未来城市规划布局中的参考价值;医院、娱乐场所等的基础设施和公交、路网密度等的基础交通比自然因素（高程、坡度）对城市发展的影响更大,到海岸线距离会在一定程度上限制深圳内部土地利用变化过程。本研究所构建模型及精细制图结果,可为城市区域规划和空间格局模拟等相关研究提供参考依据和理论基础。     

How many seasonal workers from the Pacific have been employed in New Zealand since the RSE scheme began?

This Research Note provides the first reliable figures on the numbers of seasonal workers from the Pacific Islands who participated in the Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme between July 2007 and June 2022. The method for deriving these figures is explained briefly before examining the frequency of return by men and women for employment in subsequent seasons from the nine participating Pacific states. Clarification of the numbers of seasonal workers involved in the scheme, as distinct from work visas issued each year for RSE employment, is timely for two reasons. Firstly, the RSE scheme is under review in March 2023 by Immigration New Zealand. Secondly, the three major sources of Pacific seasonal labour are raising questions in 2023 about the impact of the scheme on their domestic labour markets and economies. Robust data on numbers of Pacific seasonal workers during the scheme's first 15 years contributes important information in both these contexts.     

21世纪以来美国对东盟国家援助的空间结构演变及其地缘战略解析

对外援助的战略性运用是美国援助政策的突出特点,研究美国对外援助的演变过程对于把握其地缘战略走向具有重要意义。本文利用美国国际开发署（USAID）的对外援助数据,借助GIS等技术方法,刻画了21世纪以来美国对东盟国家援助的空间结构演变特征,并探讨了其地缘战略内涵。结果表明：(1) 2001—2019年间,美国对东盟国家的整体援助规模呈现出阶段性增长态势,基本与东盟国家在美国地缘战略中的定位呈正相关关系。(2)从援助额度的空间分布来看,美国对东盟国家的援助呈现出多极化特征,其条约盟友、南海争端国和对华友好国家为重点受援国。但不同受援国的资金类型有所差异,条约盟友和南海争端国同时受到经济援助资金和军事援助资金的重点援助,而对华友好国家则主要为经济援助资金。(3)从援助项目的类型结构来看,美国对东盟国家的援助呈现出显著的结构异质性特征,军事安全类项目侧重于条约盟友和南海争端国,经济科技类项目逐步向南海争端国和对华友好国家扩散,人道主义类项目依现实情境具体考虑,意识形态类项目则逐渐向对华友好国家集中。(4)美国对东盟国家采取差异化的援助策略,其主要地缘战略目的是：巩固与条约盟友国家的关系,升级合...     

National Hydrological Associations—a new network to advance science,practice and capacity

Abstract

Over the past 150 years National Hydrological Associations (NHAs) have been established in many countries. Hydrology has developed within many different contexts, as is reflected in the diverse nature of the NHAs that exist. Some NHAs have developed within a governmental context, while others owe their existence to the efforts by individual hydrologists. Their common objective is the promotion of the science and practice of hydrology, but their range of activities is very wide. On many occasions the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) has collaborated with such Associations and has proposed that much could be gained if NHAs were to be in contact with each other, as well as with IAHS. From this arose the idea of establishing a Network of NHAs. An Agreement for the establishment of the Network was signed in Gothenburg in July 2013. Its Second General Assembly was held in Prague in July 2015.     

20世纪80年代以来全球气温变化特征

The study of temperature change in major countries of the world since the 1980 s is a key scientific issue given that such data give insights into the spatial differences of global temperature change and can assist in combating climate change. Based on the reanalysis of seven widely accepted datasets, which include trends in climate change and spatial interpolation of the land air temperature data, the changes in the temperature of major countries from 1981 to 2019 and the spatial-temporal characteristics of global temperature change have been assessed. The results revealed that the global land air temperature from the 1980 s to 2019 varied at a rate of 0.320℃/10 a, and exhibited a significantly increasing trend, with a cumulative increase of 0.835℃. The mean annual land air temperature in the northern and southern hemispheres varied at rates of 0.362℃/10 a and 0.147℃/10 a, respectively, displaying significantly increasing trends with cumulative increases of 0.828℃ and 0.874℃, respectively. Across the globe, the rates of change of the mean annual temperature were higher at high latitudes than at middle and low latitudes, with the highest rates of change occurring in regions at latitudes of 80°–90°N, followed by regions from 70°–80°N, then from 60°–70°N. The global land surface air temperature displayed an increasing trend, with more than 80% of the land surface showing a significant increase. Greenland, Ukraine, and Russia had the highest rates of increase in the mean annual temperature;in particular, Greenland experienced a rate of 0.654℃/10 a. The regions with the lowest rates of increase of mean annual temperature were mainly in New Zealand and the equatorial regions of South America, Southeast Asia, and Southern Africa, where the rates were <0.15℃/10 a. Overall, 136 countries(93%), out of the 146 countries surveyed, exhibited a significant warming, while 10 countries(6.849%) exhibited no significant change in temperature, of which 3 exhibited a downward trend. Since the 1980 s, there have been 4, 34 and 68 countries with levels of global warming above 2.0℃, 1.5℃ and 1.0℃, respectively, accounting statistically for 2.740%, 23.288% and 46.575% of the countries examined. This paper takes the view that there was no global warming hiatus over the period 1998–2019.     

剑河县地质灾害发育特征及成因

本文主要阐述了剑河县滑坡、崩塌等地质灾害发育特征及形成原因,并针对存在的地质灾害隐患提出了防治措施及建议,以促进当地地质环境和经济建设的可持续协调发展。     

过渡族金属元素同位素在海底热液活动研究中的应用

过渡族金属元素(Fe、Cu、Zn等)同位素的地球化学特征研究是近年来新兴起的研究方向,在沉积地球化学、宇宙化学、成矿过程、岩浆作用和生物科学等多个领域都取得了重要进展。主要介绍了过渡族金属元素同位素在现代海底热液活动研究中的应用以及取得的重要成果,指出利用过渡族金属元素同位素研究现代海底热液活动具有广阔的发展前景。在分析总结已有研究工作的基础上,探讨了该领域的研究发展方向,包括:(1)丰富过渡族金属元素同位素组成的分析数据;(2)加强模拟实验工作;(3)探讨海底热液活动对过渡族金属元素在大洋内循环和平衡的作用。