夏津县黄河故河道区土地沙化及防治

土地沙化问题的存在,不仅破坏了自然生态环境,而且对人民群众的生产和生活造成严重的影响。本文就夏津县黄河故道风蚀沙化地的发育现状、危害程度及形成原因进行分析,并提出了防治对策。     

CLUE-S模型应用进展与改进研究

土地利用变化是景观生态学重要的研究领域,通过模型模拟土地利用变化趋势是该领域的主要研究内容之一。CLUE-S模型可以全面考虑自然和人文因子,通过迭代方法综合空间分析和非空间分析,较好地模拟小尺度范围内土地利用变化情景,具有综合性、开放性、空间性、竞争效率性等特点,已经在国内外多个地区的土地利用变化研究中得到广泛应用,形...     

西北地区不同类型矿产开发环境地质问题及其产生的主要原因

西北地区矿产资源开发极大地促进了地区经济的发展,但是人为不合理地开发导致了严重的矿区环境地质问题。开发不同类型矿产导致不同的环境地质问题;而同一类型矿产因地域不同、开发方式不同以及不同企业开发导致的主要环境地质问题程度及差别较大;不同类型矿产开发所产生的环境地质问题具有明显的地域性特点。导致矿山生态环境恶化的主要因素有历史因素、政策因素、地方保护主义因素、经济技术因素和企业因素。     

King Canute muses in the South Seas: Why aren’t Pacific Islands transitioning to low carbon sea transport futures?

Transition to low carbon sea transport is a logical response to the extreme dependency of the Pacific Islands region on imported fossil fuel, its significant vulnerability to the effects of climate change and the critical shipping needs of Pacific Island countries (PICs). Building on previous work in low carbon sea transport in the Pacific, this paper further considers the barriers to achieving such transition by assessing, through a ‘post-Paris Agreement’ lens, the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted by PICs and contrasting these to the near total lack of investment and planning for low carbon transition in the transport sector with the parallel occurrence in the electricity sector where ~USD 2 billion of donor investment is deployed or queued despite electricity using only ~20% of fossil fuel across the region. Consistent with recent international studies, inadequate and inappropriate financing and policy have been identified as dominant transition barriers for low carbon sea transport development in PICs. This paper further examines the regional level barriers to policy development, and finds them inhibited by the silo nature of the major regional actors. The implications that the Paris Agreement has for climate financing to support the essential research and capacity development needed to underpin a successful low carbon sea transport transition strategy at any useful scale and speed are also considered in this paper.     

CDM potential in the power-generation and energy-intensive industries of China

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) has emerged as an important carbon governance mechanism. However, forest governance is weak in most REDD+ countries, which undermines efforts to establish REDD+. This study analyses the factors that enable national REDD+ processes in the context of weak governance using a two-step ‘qualitative comparative analysis’ (QCA) of 12 REDD+ countries. Assuming that actor-related factors can be effective only if certain institutional preconditions are met, six factors were divided into two categories that were analysed separately: institutional setting (pressure from forest-resource shortage; forest legislation, policy, and governance; already initiated policy change) and the policy arena (national ownership; transformational coalitions; inclusiveness of the policy process). The factors were analysed to determine their role in efforts to establish comprehensive REDD+ policies that target transformational change. The results reveal path dependencies and institutional stickiness in all the study countries. Only countries already undertaking institutional change have been able to establish REDD+ policies in a relatively short period – but only in the presence of either high pressure from forest-resource shortages or key features of effective forest legislation, policy, and governance. Furthermore, where an enabling institutional setting is in place, the policy arena conditions of national ownership and transformational coalitions are crucial.Policy relevance Although the aim of REDD+ is to provide performance-based payments for emissions reductions, the outcomes in terms of actual emission reductions or co-benefits are not yet observable. Most REDD+ countries are still at the design and implementation stage for policies and measures. Indicators and criteria to measure progress in this phase are required to identify which factors enable or hinder countries' performance in delivering necessary policy change to provide targeted financial incentives to support countries' efforts. This study analyses the factors that shape national REDD+ processes in the context of weak governance using a two-step QCA of 12 REDD+ countries. The results show a set of enabling conditions and characteristics of the policy process under which REDD+ policies can be established. These findings may help guide other countries seeking to formulate REDD+ policies that are likely to deliver efficient, effective, and equitable outcomes.     

The UNFCCC as a negotiation forum: towards common but more differentiated responsibilities

The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDRC) captures the idea that it is the common responsibility of states to protect and restore the environment but that the levels and forms of states’ individual responsibilities may be differentiated according to their own national circumstances. This principle has shaped the evolution of the climate regime and has played an important role in promoting compromise and agreement. It is argued that some twenty years after the adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the principle of CBDRC remains as relevant as ever. The practice of Parties under the regime and, most recently, the concerted efforts to shape and flesh out the meaning of the principle, underscore the central role that it plays. At the same time, the binary understanding of CBDRC in the Kyoto Protocol is being replaced with a more nuanced, multifaceted understanding. The evolving interpretation of CBDRC is considered, and its continued relevance as the nucleus of a global burden-sharing regime for addressing climate change is demonstrated.

Policy relevance

The development of a common understanding of the principle of CBDRC is essential for the burden sharing and responsibilities under a future climate agreement. The CBDRC principle captures the idea that it is the common responsibility of states to protect and restore the environment, but that the levels and forms of states’ individual responsibilities may be differentiated according to their own national circumstances. This article informs the international climate change negotiations by considering the development of the principle of CBDRC under the UNFCCC over time. It is concluded that, although there has been a significant shift in how the principle is understood, it remains crucial to the integrity and stability of the climate regime.     

昆明滇池周围磷矿资源现状及开发前景

云南磷矿探明储量居全国首位,滇池周围保有储量占全省保有储量68.64%。磷化工与磷复肥基地和国内最大露采矿山,均在此区域内。"优矿低用"、矿山规模化小、国营矿山效益差,均是发展中要解决的问题。合理开采富矿、发展磷肥要"湿、热并举"、实施"矿电联营"、政府给予优惠政策,是云南磷矿业可持续发展的重要举措。     

环境与工程地球物理的发展趋势

2006年6月在武汉召开了第二届环境与工程地球物理国际会议.会议围绕近年来兴起的近地表探测问题展开,涉及方法原理、仪器采集、资料处理等各个环节,反映出国内外环境与工程探测领域的若干前沿热点和发展动态.结合本次会议,可以看出该学科主要趋势为：应用领域不断扩宽,方法技术灵活多样,重视基础理论研究,开发新型（特种）仪器,通过高精度测量、延时测量、先进的数据处理技术和信息技术等手段改善探测质量.我国对环境与工程地球物理有很大的需要,应根据我国实际情况,吸收国外先进经验,积极开展自主创新.     

南沙他国侵占岛礁战略价值及空间格局评价

从建岛潜力、岛礁辐射能力和岛礁承载能力3个方面选取26个指标,采用主客观综合赋权法确定各因子权重,利用线性加权法获得被越南、菲律宾、马来西亚、文莱等国所侵占的南沙44个岛礁的战略价值,并对结果进行空间插值,分析其空间格局特征。结果表明：1）被马来西亚侵占的弹丸礁、越南侵占的南威岛、以及菲律宾侵占的中业岛,其战略价值位列前3,评价得分分别为100、98.42和97.09。2）岛礁辐射能力空间分布格局呈现“NW—SE条带式”,“最高”和“高”等级的区域由研究区西北延伸至东南,然后向东北、西南两侧递减,辐射能力格局中有2个核心区域和2个次级核心区域。承载能力空间分布格局呈现“横向条带式”,由北向南越来越低,有1个核心区域和2个次级核心区域。建岛潜力空间分布格局有3个核心区域及2个次级核心区域。3）岛礁战略价值空间分布格局有3个核心区域,分布于研究区中部、北部及南部,与越南、菲律宾、马来西亚密切相关的核心区域各有1个。越南侵占岛礁最多且空间分布较广,有2个次级核心区域也与越南密切相关,越占岛礁若进一步建设,将形成多核心协同的战略格局,需密切关注。     

经济型酒店空间扩张模式的国内外比较

中国的经济型连锁酒店经过连续几年的高速发展,正处在规模扩张的十字路口。本文对我国经济型连锁酒店空间扩张模式的现状进行分析,并通过对我国排名前几位的经济型连锁酒店与国内外同类型酒店的扩张模式进行理论和数据实证的比较分析,从而得出我国经济型连锁酒店空间扩张模式应选择的路径,以期为我国经济型连锁酒店的发展模式选择和健康运营提供有益的借鉴和探索。