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171.
172.
Climate impacts of environmental degradation in Sudan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There exists an impressive amount of work for Sudan showing the anthropogenic degradation of natural vegetation cover. However,
there are few examples of consequent climatic changes in literature. This work, thus, seeks to assess such effects of environmental
forcing on various climatic patterns over the past few decades. Within the frame of the present analysis, the results are
quite striking and are in concordance with scientific contentions that such land degradation could result in climatic modification.
Higher temperature and less rainfall, sunshine duration and global radiation have been noticed. Evapotranspiration has responded
more to the warming and drying conditions, thus showed signs of increasing rates, especially during the wet season. However,
the extent of increase seems to have been suppressed by the decrease in sunshine duration and solar radiation as well as the
inconsistent behaviour of wind speed. Changes in the variability of the within-year monthly observations have also occurred,
thus suggesting an increase in the occurrence of extremes. The observed climatic modification in the country has exaggerated
the insidious drought conditions. The present findings are hoped to contribute to our understanding of the effects of environmental
problem and assist in considering policy responses.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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175.
Recent morphological evolution of the Lower Mississippi River 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study documents slope and stream power changes in the Lower Mississippi River during the pre-cutoff (1880s–1930s), and post-cutoff (1943–1992) periods. The study reach extends from New Madrid, MO, to Natchez, MS, a distance of about 900 km. Analyses for six major reaches and 13 sub-reaches for the pre- and post-cutoff periods indicate that the river presently has a much larger slope and stream power than prior to the cutoffs. The largest increases have occurred between Fulton, TN, and Lake Providence, LA, where slope and stream power increases range from about 27% to 36% and 20% to 38%, respectively. Increases in slope and stream power in reaches upstream and downstream have also occurred, but to a lesser degree. Previous investigations have shown that no coarsening of the bed material has occurred since 1932, and that the bed material may actually be somewhat finer overall. As the Lower Mississippi River is not a sediment-starved system, an increase in stream power with no change in D50 would be expected to be offset by an increase in the bed material load as the river adjusts towards equilibrium. Previous investigators have inferred a reduction in the sediment loads on the Mississippi River this century based on analyses of total measured suspended loads. However, these results should be viewed as primarily representing the changes in wash load and should not be taken to imply that bed material loads have also decreased. Therefore, the bed material loads in the study reach should be greater than in the pre-cutoff period. Excess stream power in the sub-reaches directly affected by cutoffs resulted in scour that increased downstream bed material load. These elevated sediment loads play a key role in driving morphological adjustments towards equilibrium in the post-cutoff channel. The stability status of the channel in the study reach currently ranges from dynamic equilibrium in the farthest upstream reaches through severe degradation to dynamic equilibrium in the middle reaches, and aggradation in the lowest reaches. These evolutionary trends cannot be explained by consideration of changes in slope and stream power alone. Changes in the incoming bed material load to each reach generated by upstream channel evolution must also be considered. 相似文献
176.
北京山区植被覆盖动态变化遥感监测研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
植被覆盖变化遥感监测是区域生态监测的一个重要部分,可为区域生态建设和可持续发展提供科学依据.利用北京市1979年7月14日和2005年7月25日的Landsat MSS和TM影像,采用基于归一化植被指数(ND-VI)的像元二分模型,计算了这2个时期的植被覆盖度,并对北京山区1979-2005年间植被覆盖的变化情况进行了遥感监测和定量分析.结果表明,北京山区的植被覆盖度由1979年的70.05%下降为2005年的66.14%;植被退化的总面积为3672.90km2;植被覆盖度在80%~100%的退化面积最大,为617.45km2. 相似文献
177.
海洋来源的菌株在高盐污水类修复处理中有重要的应用前景,而烃类物质是污水中的重要组成部分,其中含有多个苯环的芳香烃族化合物,对人类和环境具有较大的毒性,而目前关于多环芳烃(PAHs)厌氧代谢的相关报道相对较少。本研究以PAHs(萘、菲和芘等)为唯一碳源和能源,通过厌氧富集对太平洋深海沉积物中的PAHs降解菌展开研究。富集物细菌菌群分析结果表明,盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)、海旋菌属(Thalassospira)、海杆菌属(Marinobacter)、海洋杆菌属(Oceanobacter)和食烷菌属(Alcanivorax)等是主要的功能类群;其中盐单胞菌属是最主要的功能类群。通过筛选分离获得一高效烃降解盐单胞菌株,鉴定并命名为泰坦尼克盐单胞菌(Halomonas titanicae) PA16-9,该菌与模式菌株Halomonas titanicae BH1T的16S rRNA相似性为99.52%。基于16S rRNA基因序列比对搜寻NCBI数据库,发现Halomonas titanicae广泛存在于废水、活性污泥、油田、湿地等有机质复杂区域,生态位分布极广,可... 相似文献
178.
污染土壤中多环芳烃的微生物降解及其机理研究进展 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:24
多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类普遍存在于环境中的难降解危险性“三致”有机污染物。微生物对多环芳烃的降解是去除土壤中多环芳烃的主要途径。研究表明,对于土壤中低分子量多环芳烃类化合物,微生物一般以唯一碳源方式代谢;而大多数细菌和真菌对四环或四环以上的多环芳烃的降解作用一般以共代谢方式开始。本文重点论述了高分子量多环芳烃:芘和苯并(a)芘的微生物降解及其机理。并介绍了多环芳烃污染的微生物—植物联合修复机制,最后展望了污染土壤中多环芳烃的研究趋势。 相似文献
179.
天然金红石光催化降解藏红T实验研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以低压汞灯为光源研究了天然金红石悬浆体系中藏红T的脱色条件及其光催化反应动力学,讨论了溶液初始pH值、催化剂投入量、光强、气流量、催化剂粒径、反应气氛等实验条件对藏红T脱色速率的影响,阐述了实验过程中无机离子的生成情况。结果表明,该反应基本上符合一级反应动力学;在酸性条件下尤其是当溶液初始pH值为2.5时,藏红T的脱色速率要比在碱性和中性条件下快得多;增加光强度能较大地提高反应的降解速率;催化剂最佳投入量为1.3g/L;在氧化气氛下该反应比在非氧化气氛快得多;通入气体的流量在40L/h最合适;反应溶液中有氯离子溶出说明有机物中的含氯部分被降解。本研究为光催化作用降解有机污染物提供了新的途径。 相似文献
180.