基于FME实现CAD向GIS数据转换的关键技术研究

针对CAD数据与GIS数据的转换问题,本文探讨了CAD图层与GIS图层对应关系、CAD块转换、CAD注记转换、CAD扩展属性转换和CAD面转换5个技术点,研究成果应用于多个项目中,为实现CAD数据与GIS数据的转换提供了技术思路与技术指导。     

矿产资源潜力评价成果图空间数据库中属性数据质量检查探讨

属性数据是矿产资源潜力评价成果的重要组成部分,从某种意义上说,属性数据质量直接影响矿产资源潜力评价的效果。基于此认识,通过分析属性数据填写的原则、技术要求,提出了采取软件和人工两种方式检查属性数据质量的方法。     

自定义空间数据格式的扩展与应用

针对商业GIS软件缺乏对自定义空间数据格式的支持能力,提出了利用OGR自定义数据源来实现GIS软件对自定义空间数据格式支持。并以ArcGIS平台为例,将OGR数据模型在数据组织、几何模型、属性信息和空间参考信息等方面转换为ArcGIS软件空间数据模型,使ArcGIS具备了访问OGR自定义空间数据格式的能力,实现了自定义空间数据格式的扩展与应用,体现了开源GIS软件和商业GIS软件协同工作能力。     

Cartograms for Use in Forecasting Weather-Driven Natural Hazards

This paper evaluates the potential of using cartograms for visualizing and interpreting forecasts of weather-driven natural hazards in the context of global weather forecasting and early warning systems. The use of cartograms is intended to supplement traditional cartographic representations of the hazards in order to highlight the severity of an upcoming event. Cartogrammetric transformations are applied to forecasts of floods, heatwaves, windstorms and snowstorms taken from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) forecast archive. Key cartogram design principles in standard weather forecast visualization are tested. Optimal cartogram transformation is found to be dependent on geographical features (such as coastlines) and forecast features (such as snowstorm intensity). For highly spatially autocorrelated weather variables used in analysing several upcoming natural hazards such as 2m temperature anomaly, the visualization of the distortion provides a promising addition to standard forecast visualizations for highlighting upcoming weather-driven natural hazards.     

Wetlands in China: Feature, value and protection

The estimated total area of wetland in China is more than 25.9 million hectares including about 11.9 million hectares of marshes and bogs, 9.1 million hectares of lake and about 2.2 million hectares of coastal salt marshes and mudflats. The area of wetland is equivalent to 2.7% of the land surface. China also has 2.7 million hectares of shallow sea water (less 5m in depth at low tide). Marshes and bogs are equivalent 1.3% of the land surface. Only three provinces (regions)—Qinghai, Xizang (Tibet) and Heilongjiang — have a larger total area of marsh and bog. According to the structure, type and development of wetland in different river basins, wetland can be classified nine main regions. The experiments indicate that the coefficient of the marsh to regulate flood is similar to that of lakes. Wetlands occupy 17.8% of the Sanjiang Plain area, the annual carbon contribution is 0.78 × 10⁴t. Carbon released from marsh soil return into atmosphere is 3.95 × 10⁶t/a. At present there is a sharp contradiction between population growth and natural resources shortage, causing wetland to be exerted with huge pressures and serious threats. Foundation item: Under the auspices of the Key B Item of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ951-B1-201-02). Biography: LU Xian-guo (1957 —), male, a native of Changchun City, Jilin Provice, professor. His research interests include wetland process and environmental effect.     

利用SIFT与粗差探测进行SAR影像配准

SAR影像特殊的成像机理使得SIFT在SAR影像配准中的错误率较高,加入相干系数的辅助只能在一定程度上削弱SIFT的错误配准。由于仅考虑灰度的配准策略对精度的提高有限,本文将摄影测量中粗差探测和剔除的方法与SIFT算法相结合。在二次多项式平差的过程中,将错误同名点视为粗差,利用粗差剔除的方法提高配准精度。实验证明了此方法的可行性。     

公共医疗卫生服务的空间可达性研究——以广州市海珠区为例

本文以第5次人口普查以及医疗卫生机构相关数据为基础,运用空间相互作用理论和模型,得到广州市海珠区各街区的公共医疗卫生服务可达性空间分布,并详细分析了医院等级系数对可达性指数的影响,为医疗卫生事业的发展规划提供辅助决策支持。     

Long-term hydrological,biogeochemical, and climatological data from Walker Branch Watershed,East Tennessee,USA

In 1967, the original Walker Branch Watershed (WBW) project was established to study elemental cycling and mass balances in a relatively unimpacted watershed. Over the next 50+ years, findings from additional experimental studies and long-term observations on WBW advanced understanding of catchment hydrology, biogeochemistry, and ecology and established WBW as a seminal site for catchment science. The 97.5-ha WBW is located in East Tennessee, USA, on the U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation. Vegetation on the watershed is characteristic of an eastern deciduous, second-growth forest. The watershed is divided into two subcatchments: the West Fork (38.4 ha) and the East Fork (59.1 ha). Headwater streams draining these subcatchments are fed by multiple springs, and thus flow is perennial. Stream water is high in base cations due to weathering of dolomite bedrock and nutrient concentrations are low. Long-term observations of climate, hydrology, and biogeochemistry include daily (1969–2014) and 15-min (1994–2014) stream discharge and annual runoff (1969–2014); hourly, daily, and annual rainfall (1969–2012); daily climate and soil temperature (1993–2010); and weekly stream water chemistry (1989–2013). These long-term datasets are publicly available on the WBW website (https://walkerbranch.ornl.gov/long-term-data/ ). While collection of these data has ceased, related long-term measurements continue through the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON), where WBW is the core terrestrial and aquatic site in the Appalachian and Cumberland Plateau region (NEON's Domain 7) of the United States. These long-term datasets have been and will continue to be important in evaluating the influence of climatic and environmental drivers on catchment processes.     

The information system of the French Peatland Observation Service: Service National d'Observation Tourbières – A valuable tool to assess the impact of global changes on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of temperate peatlands through long term monitoring

Mitigating and adapting to global changes requires a better understanding of the response of the Biosphere to these environmental variations. Human disturbances and their effects act in the long term (decades to centuries) and consequently, a similar time frame is needed to fully understand the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of a natural system. To this end, the ‘Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (CNRS) promotes and certifies long-term monitoring tools called national observation services or ‘Service National d'Observation’ (SNO) in a large range of hydrological and biogeochemical systems (e.g., cryosphere, catchments, aquifers). The SNO investigating peatlands, the SNO ‘Tourbières’, was certified in 2011 ( https://www.sno-tourbieres.cnrs.fr/ ). Peatlands are mostly found in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and French peatlands are located in the southern part of this area. Thus, they are located in environmental conditions that will occur in northern peatlands in coming decades or centuries and can be considered as sentinels. The SNO Tourbières is composed of four peatlands: La Guette (lowland central France), Landemarais (lowland oceanic western France), Frasne (upland continental eastern France) and Bernadouze (upland southern France). Thirty target variables are monitored to study the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of the sites. They are grouped into four datasets: hydrology, fluvial export of organic matter, greenhouse gas fluxes and meteorology/soil physics. The data from all sites follow a common processing chain from the sensors to the public repository. The raw data are stored on an FTP server. After operator or automatic processing, data are stored in a database, from which a web application extracts the data to make them available ( https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/ ). Each year at least, an archive of each dataset is stored in Zenodo, with a digital object identifier (DOI) attribution ( https://zenodo.org/communities/sno_tourbieres_data/ ).     

全球对外直接投资网络的环节分异与空间特征北大核心CSCD

对外直接投资(outward foreign direct investment,OFDI)本质上是一种跨国互动流,在全球价值链的不同环节,OFDI的动机和区位存在显著差异。论文基于FDI Markets数据库,将OFDI划分为总部研发、原料采掘、生产制造和营销售后4个环节,兼顾跨国投资流动的双向视角构建全球尺度的OFDI网络,利用社会网络方法探究不同环节全球OFDI的演化过程和空间特征。研究发现:(1)全球OFDI网络总体呈现核心—边缘特征,但拓扑结构存在环节差异,其中营销售后网络连通性最高,总部研发网络小世界性最明显且扩张迅速,而原料采掘网络呈现去网络化的趋势;(2)不同环节OFDI网络空间格局分异,总部研发网络表现为发达国家和新兴经济体的相互投资以及迅速扩张,原料采掘网络倾向一次性大额投资,生产制造网络中发达国家主要扮演母国角色,而发展中国家更多地以东道国的身份嵌入,营销售后网络高比例的双向投资流则体现出全球市场的激烈竞争;(3)优势投资国家的空间格局大相径庭,归纳为总部研发网络的“大进大出”、原料采掘网络的“两极分化”、生产制造网络的“梯度转移”和营销售后网络的“遍在优势”4大空间特征。研究可为中国“走出去”战略的有效实施提供一定的研究支撑。