三种类型烃-烃不混溶包裹体组合的特征和热力学条件的计算

在自然界广泛分布着烃-烃不混溶体系中捕获的流体包裹体,由于这些包裹体具有复杂的组成和相态,因此不混溶包裹体组合的判别和热力学参数的计算常常难以进行。根据烃-烃不混溶体系中两个端员组分流体包裹体室温下的相态特征和在温度-压力平面图上等容线交点显示的位置,划分成三种类型流体包裹体组合,本介绍了三种类型流体包裹体组合特征,叙述了不混溶烃-烃包裹体组合的测定和判别方法,并且阐述均一化包裹体相态方程和气-液平衡常数原理和方法与此同时列举了自然界简单的三种类型不混溶烃-烃包裹体组合的测定、判别和计算的几个实例,利用相态方程和气-液平衡常数,不但精确地计算出包裹体均一压力,并且精确地计算出流体密度和体积等热力学参数。最后,利用均一成气相和液相的两种包裹体在 p-T 平面图上等容线交点同样计算出流体包裹体组合的捕获温度和压力。     

水气两相流系统K-S-P模型参数反演的最优估计

应用渗流力学和参数反演辨识最优化理论,建立了水气两相流控制方程,给出了控制两相流系统K-S-P模型参数之间的本构关系,并对其中的相关参数进行数值反演辨识,得出待求参数的最优估计值。对不同质地土壤的实验测试值进行对比分析,其结果吻合较好,验证了模型的适定性和可靠性,解决了实验数据处理以及结果对初值的敏感性问题,并且该数值方法可通过多组初值参数进行数值实验,结合实验结果来满足实际工程的需求。这不仅对非饱和带内污染物传输、气藏工程试井计算、填埋气体的释放以及挥发性有机污染物的去污分析中两相流数值计算提供基础,而且对K-S-P本构关系之间参数的确定提供了可靠的理论依据。     

单频GPS整周模糊度动态快速求解的研究

提出了一种动态快速求解整周模糊度的方法,即先对系数阵进行QR分解,然后通过矩阵变换使模糊度参数和位置参数分离,从而降低矩阵的维数,满足实时动态求解的要求,最后应用LAMBDA方法搜索模糊度。为验证该算法,用单频GPS接收机进行了静态定位和动态定位两种试验。结果表明,静态定位误差小于1cm,动态定位误差小于3cm。由此可见,该方法能够为动态用户快速而精确地实施GPS单频动态定位。     

少量地面控制点的遥感图像精纠正与定位技术探讨

本文主要讨论了利用空间投影一空间斜墨卡托（SOM）投影进行卫星遥感图像精纠正与定位，解决缺少控制点地区卫星遥感图像精纠正与定位问题，并根据正反算公式讨论了卫星遥感图像纠正的空间投影数学基础。     

影响华东地区热带气旋年频数与热带对流场的关系

利用由美国NOAA系列卫星观测的OLR资料研究了影响华东地区热带气旋年频数（记为ATC）与热带对流场的关系，结果表明两者存在密切的联系：（1）当华东地区热带气旋年频数ATC为异常偏多（少）时，ITCZ位置累积距平为正（负）值，即ITCZ位置异常偏北（南）；（2）利用OLR设计了Walker综合指数WI，该指数的强弱可以反映ATC的异常情况，即当ATC为异常偏多（少）时，walker环流圈异常强（弱）；（3）OLR距平累积量场能较好的表征ATC异常年份所对应的低纬度及中高纬地区大气环流的配置，其可以作为预测影响华东地区热带气旋年频数的强信号。     

影响我国北方的台风相似预报系统

普查建国以来影响我国北方的所有台风个例 ,建立了影响我国北方的台风详细历史资料库 ,对台风位置、形成季节、移向、天气形势等进行相似分析 ,并在MICAPS平台上 ,建立了短期和中期台风相似预报系统。     

Numerical evaluation of the damping‐solvent extraction method in the frequency domain

The damping‐solvent extraction method for the analysis of unbounded visco‐elastic media is evaluated numerically in the frequency domain in order to investigate the influence of the computational parameters—domain size, amount of artificial damping, and mesh density—on the accuracy of results. An analytical estimate of this influence is presented, and specific questions regarding the influence of the parameters on the results are answered using the analytical estimate and numerical results for two classical problems: the rigid strip and rigid disc footings on a visco‐elastic half‐space with constant hysteretic material damping. As the domain size is increased, the results become more accurate only at lower frequencies, but are essentially unaffected at higher frequencies. Choosing the domain size to ensure that the static stiffness is computed accurately leads to an unnecessarily large domain for analysis at higher frequencies. The results improve by increasing artificial damping but at a slower rate as the total (material plus artificial) damping ratio ζ_t gets closer to 0.866. However, the results do not deteriorate significantly for the larger amounts of artificial damping, suggesting that ζ_t≈0.6 is appropriate; a larger value is not likely to influence the accuracy of results. Presented results do not support the earlier suggestion that similar accuracy can be achieved by a large bounded domain with small damping or by a small domain with larger damping. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

裂隙型单斜介质中弹性系数的计算及波的传播特性研究

根据Hudson等关于裂隙介质弹性系数计算的扰动理论及Bond变换矩阵原理，给出了各向同性介质中含多组垂直裂隙时等效弹性系数的计算方法。计算了含两组斜交的垂直裂隙形成的单斜各向异性介质中的等效弹性系数，并根据Christoffel方程推导、得出水平面内平面波传播的相速度和群速度随方位变化的特性。     

渤海湾盆地埕岛东斜坡地区东三段油气成岩成藏模式

通过分析埕岛东斜坡地区东三段砂岩成岩作用特征 ,以及对该地区油气成藏系统的研究 ,总结出东三段砂岩体的成岩成藏模式。东三段上部砂体成藏于馆陶组沉积期 ,对应于早成岩 B期阶段 ,油气过早进入砂岩体 ,充填了孔隙 ,抑制了成岩作用的进行 ,使原生孔隙得以良好的保存。目前该砂体位于晚成岩 A期阶段 ,伴随形成了次生孔隙 ,并正处于第二次成藏期     

Combination of Dependent Realizations Within the Gradual Deformation Method

Gradual deformation is a parameterization method that reduces considerably the unknown parameter space of stochastic models. This method can be used in an iterative optimization procedure for constraining stochastic simulations to data that are complex, nonanalytical functions of the simulated variables. This method is based on the fact that linear combinations of multi-Gaussian random functions remain multi-Gaussian random functions. During the past few years, we developed the gradual deformation method by combining independent realizations. This paper investigates another alternative: the combination of dependent realizations. One of our motivations for combining dependent realizations was to improve the numerical stability of the gradual deformation method. Because of limitations both in the size of simulation grids and in the precision of simulation algorithms, numerical realizations of a stochastic model are never perfectly independent. It was shown that the accumulation of very small dependence between realizations might result in significant structural drift from the initial stochastic model. From the combination of random functions whose covariance and cross-covariance are proportional to each other, we derived a new formulation of the gradual deformation method that can explicitly take into account the numerical dependence between realizations. This new formulation allows us to reduce the structural deterioration during the iterative optimization. The problem of combining dependent realizations also arises when deforming conditional realizations of a stochastic model. As opposed to the combination of independent realizations, combining conditional realizations avoids the additional conditioning step during the optimization process. However, this procedure is limited to global deformations with fixed structural parameters.